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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Adding urine to a standard buffered fibrinogen solution and then coagulating it with thrombin gives reproducible coagulation times with normal urines. Coagulation of fibrinogen by thrombin is prolonged in acid solutions with a pH below six. Urines of high acidity lower the buffer pH of the fibrinogen solution below a value of six thus rendering the system uncoagulable or significantly prolonging the coagulation time. With this test system we found that out of 16 severe homograft rejections 15 were accompanied by a high acid excretion in six-hour urine specimens. Ten of these acid episodes became apparent 12 to 48 hr before clinical symptoms and before elevation of the serum creatinine could be detected.
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PMID:A simple test for early detection of severe renal homograft rejection. 0 Jun 67

The results from a short-term (28 days) treatment of patients with duodenal ulcer are reported. The average surface of the ulcers from 40.4 mm2 (initial average value) diminished to 7.3 mm2 by the 14 th day of the treatment. The graphic study of the kinetics of healing of the ulcer process revealed that in a treatment with 0.8--1.0 g Simetidin, a diminution of the ulcer by half (t/2) could be expected by the seventh day. In 16, out of the 21 treated, the ulcer epithelized by the 14th day of the treatment. In one patient a prolonged treatment of 42 days proved to be necessary to guarantee the epithelization of the ulcer. In 2/3 of treated patients, the pain complaints, the sensation of warmth and acidity disappeared by the end of the first week of the treatment. The average values of the basic and peak acid output (BAO and PAO), the N-acetyl neuramine acid output, the gastrin basic level, GOT, GPT and creatinine in serum do not change after the treatment. A significant reduction of hemoglobin concentration in the gastric juice is established after the treatment with Simetidin.
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PMID:[Results of the short-term (28 days) cimetidine treatment of duodenal ulcer]. 38 Jan 69

The latent and hypertonic forms of the course of compensated nephritides more frequently make difficulties concerning the differential diagnosis between a chronic glomerulonephritis and a chronic pyelonephritis. According to the results achieved the determination of the renal processes furthering homoeostasis gives the possibility to demarcate the two diseases. A certain reduction of the creatinine clearance (to less than 90 ml/min) and of the maximum water diuresis (to less than 10.0 per 100 ml glomerular filtrate) is suitable for the latent form of the chronic glomerulonephritis. On the other hand, a reduction of the ammonia secretion (to less than 35 per 100 ml glomerular (filtrate) and of the total H+-ion secretion (to less than 50 per 100 ml glomerular filtrate) in the determination after Alkinton is characteristic for the chronic pyelonephritis. In the hypertensive form of the course of the chronic glomerulonephritis in contrast to the same form in chronic pyelonephritis a reduction of the maximum water diuresis to less than 7.5, of the clearance of the "osmotically free" water to less than 6.0, of the titrable acidity to less than 25 is the result. Here the ammonia quotient transgresses 45%. In chronic pyelonephritis the titrable acidity in considerably increased and the ammonia genesis relatively decreased (to less than 45%).
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PMID:[Determination of homeostatic kidney function in the diagnosis of chronic glomerulonephritis]. 60 91

1. The renal dysfunction in the chronic compensated pyelonephritis means a selective decrease of the maximum osmotic concentration power, the ammonia secretion and the total secretion of hydrogen ions in the glomerular filtration rate, proximal reabsorption of the fluid of the tubule, excretion of osmotically free water and acidity of the urine which can be titrated. 2. The functional distrubances observed in chronic pyelonephritis do not as a whole differ from those disturbances in chronic compensated glomerulonephritis, but in the disease first mentioned there is in every case no decrease of the endogenic creatinine clearance and the maximum water diuresis. 3. The latent chronic pyelonephritis differs from the latent chronic glomerulonephritis by a normal endogenic creatinine clearance and maximum water diuresis and by a decrease of the ammonia and hydrogen ion secretion. These disturbances to a certain extent may be regarded as specific for the chronic pyelonephritis. In comparison with the chronic hypertonic pyelonephritis in the chronic hypertonic pyelonephritis the maximum water diuresis is normal and the titratable acidity is slightly increased. 4. The kind of renal dysfunctions can be of importance for the differential diagnosis between chronic glomerulonephritis and chronic pyelonephritis particularly in the latent forms of the two diseases.
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PMID:[Tubular kidney dysfunction and its etiology in chronic pyelonephritis]. 84 42

No evidence of renal involvement was found in 104 patients with rheumatoid arthritis in routine laboratory tests, including serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus, and urinalysis. In view of recent publications (1-9) which report renal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis, we studied 16 patients of our group (nonrandomized, 3 men and 16 women, average age 55.4 years, average duration of disease 11.9 years). We examined creatinine clearance, urinary excretion of alpha-2 microalbumin, beta-2 microglobulin, cystine, and urine concentration and acidity after a 10-hour fast. 10 patients had disturbances in 1 or more of the functions examined, in 9 of whom tubular functions were involved. In 6 there was no evidence of renal involvement. There was no correlation between renal involvement and past or present therapy, but there were direct correlations between renal involvement, duration of disease and age. Thus we found evidence for subclinical renal damage not revealed by routine laboratory tests in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This damage should be taken into consideration when operation, examination with contrast material, or treatment with other nephrotoxic agents are being considered in these patients.
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PMID:[Subclinical renal involvement in rheumatoid arthritis]. 145

This article describes concepts of drug treatment for patients with severe renal failure (creatinine clearance less than 10 ml/min), especially in intensive care. These subjects often develop multiorgan failure and require special considerations: 1. Not only should the maintenance dose of digoxin be reduced to 0.05-0.1 mg/day, but the loading or digitalizing dose should also be diminished to 0.4-0.6 mg. 2. Penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, and other antibiotics with a high therapeutic ratio can be given as recommended by the manufacturer or reference lists according to renal insufficiency. 3. For drugs with a low therapeutic index, such as aminoglycosides, vancomycin, flucytosine, some antiarrhythmic agents, cardiac glycosides, and theophylline, therapeutic drug monitoring is mandatory. 4. Steroids, insulin, atropine, catecholamines, anticoagulants, thrombolytic agents, antihypertensive drugs, and organic nitrates can be given according to their effect. However, nitroprusside should be discontinued after 2 days because its metabolites may be toxic. 5. The dose of H2-receptor antagonists used for the control of gastric acidity and the treatment of peptic ulcers should be reduced to 20-50% of the normal. The administration of aluminum, magnesium, and bismuth compounds should be avoided. 6. Loop diuretics (e.g., furosemide) can be effective at increased doses in patients with chronic renal failure and fluid overload, particularly when used in combination with a thiazide in refractory edema. Thiazides alone are useless, and potassium-sparing diuretics are contraindicated. 7. Colloid-containing solutions should be infused cautiously at a maximal rate of 2 x 500 ml/week only when the plasma volume is contracted.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Renal failure--concepts for drug therapy in intensive care]. 181 28

We studied urinary acidification daily during the hospital course of 16 infants with acute gastroenteritis and metabolic acidosis. Urine pH value on admission was higher than 5.5 in 14 (87%) patients. We hypothesized that inappropriate urinary acidification was due to sodium deficiency and inadequate sodium delivery to the distal nephron. Forty-one urinary samples were collected during metabolic acidosis. The mean pH of 24 urine samples with sodium concentration less than 10 mmol/L was significantly higher than the pH of 17 samples with sodium concentration greater than 10 mmol/L (6.04 +/- 0.06 vs 5.19 +/- 0.1; p less than 0.001). The urine ratios of titratable acid to creatinine and of total acidity to creatinine were significantly higher in urine samples containing more sodium (p less than 0.02), whereas the ammonium/creatinine ratio was not. After administration of furosemide or correction of the sodium deficit, appropriate acidification was observed. We conclude that impaired urinary acidification is frequently found during metabolic acidosis in infants with acute gastroenteritis and results from a sodium deficit rather than from transient distal renal tubular acidosis.
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PMID:Transient renal acidification defect during acute infantile diarrhea: the role of urinary sodium. 188 Jun 72

The interrelations among fasting serum gastrin, serum creatinine, gastric acid secretion variables, and G-cell densities were analyzed in 47 patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). The patients also underwent gastroscopy and radiologic upper gastrointestinal barium examination. It is suggested that the hypergastrinemia seen in CRF is related to several factors: gastric acidity, grade of renal failure, G-cell density, and basal gastrin secretion rate. With regard to serum gastrin two different populations can be found, the cutting-off point being 300 ng/l. Although the group with high gastrin levels included significantly more patients with gastric body atrophy than the other group (4 of 11 versus of 1 of 36), most of them had no atrophy, which indicates that (an)other mechanism(s) is responsible for the hypergastrinemia. In the relation between serum gastrin and gastric acidity also, two differently behaving subgroups emerged. In the first, strong acidity change corresponded to minor gastrin change, whereas in the other, minor acidity change corresponded to marked gastrin change. The correlation coefficients between gastrin and acidity were high within both subgroups. During regular dialysis patients preserve the characteristics delineated from non-dialyzed values. Patients with signs of duodenal ulcer disease had high maximal acid output and low serum gastrin. Otherwise no associations were found between GI findings and the variables studied.
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PMID:Serum gastrin in chronic renal failure: its relation to acid secretion, G-cell density, and upper gastrointestinal findings. 259 56

The acidification response to NH4 Cl loading (0.1 g/kg bw/day) was tested in 16 normal healthy subjects in the basal fasting state on Day 4, the subjects having taken the salt daily for the 3 previous days. The response was measured in terms of blood pH and in urine, creatinine, phosphate, pH, titratable acidity, ammonium, net acidity and creatinine clearance. To minimise inter-subject variation the urine values were adjusted to a standard body surface area of 1.73 m2. A normal range for the blood pH of the mean value +/- 2 SD, encompassed the observed range of values. However, to fit the observed range of acid-base values in urine into the 2 SD range required a logarithmic transformation of the data. Statistical analysis confirmed a significant correlation between blood [H+] net acid secretion, urine titratable acidity and ammonium. Urine net acid secretion was positively correlated with urinary phosphate, titratable acidity and ammonium.
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PMID:The acidification response of normal subjects to ammonium chloride using a 3-day loading test. 321 23

The influence of feedstuffs treated with ionizing radiation on the nutrition of dogs was tested in four groups of animals. Two groups were administered for 90 days a ration, the main part of which (VETACAN meat feed mixture and VETAVIT loose feed mixture) was irradiated with radioisotope Co 60 of the intensity of 25 kGy/kg, in other two groups of dogs the nonirradiated ration was used for the same time period. The control groups of dogs were put together for these two diets. The laboratory examination of irradiated feedstuffs confirmed their complete microbiological and mycological intactness. However, the irradiation brought about a significant 35% degradation of essential amino acids with an increase of ammonia nitrogen, destructive changes in the lipid component of feedstuffs and a partial decomposition of the saccharide part of the VETAVIT feed mixture, expressed by the acidity of water extract. The sensory evaluation of irradiated feedstuffs did not show any perceptible alterations. The haematological examination of the blood of animals, which had been administered irradiated feed rations, demonstrated a significant negative influence on the blood picture. The biochemical examination of the blood serum and plasma revealed that total proteins of experimental dogs dropped and the creatinine level was also significantly decreased. Neither was the level of carbohydrate nutrition nor the energy saturation affected by irradiation. The glucose levels in the blood serum of dogs fluctuated within the range of physiological reference values. The growth of free ammoniacal bases of feedstuffs, evoked by ionizing radiation, conditioned obviously the level of actual pH of blood in dogs as determined in this study. The destruction of lipoid fraction in the feedstuffs induced a decrease in the activity of lipophile retinol and thus the biological value of feeds was impaired. The biochemical examination of ALT, AST and ALP enzyme activity did not show any increased activity of parenchyma, in particular of liver cell. A decisive role of the biological quality of feed ration for utilization of some minerals was demonstrated by a significant decrease of the magnesium level in animals administered irradiated feed rations without any biological supplementation. On the contrary, the potassium, calcium and phosphorus levels did not reflect this dietary difference between the groups.
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PMID:[The effect of feeds treated with ionizing irradiation on biochemical indicators of the nutritional value of energy nutrients]. 393 33


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