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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the postmortem histopathologic evaluation of eyes from stillborn fetuses we noted the presence of a prominent undescribed corneal pigment in 18 of 55 stillborn fetuses. The corneal pigment was frequently associated with documented meconium-stained amniotic fluid, and in no instance was a stained cornea coupled with recorded clear amniotic fluid. Pigmented corneas came from stillborn fetuses with a longer duration of intrauterine death than nonstained corneas. The pigment stained black with the Fontana-Masson stain, was birefringent, and treatment of tissue sections with 5% potassium permanganate and 5% oxalic acid as well as with saturated alcoholic picric acid solution removed the pigment indicating that it is acid hematin. The most likely cause of the acid hematin-stained corneas was tissue acidity created in utero with prolonged intrauterine death.
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PMID:Acid hematin pigmentation of the cornea in stillborn fetuses. 219 Jan 97

Forty-five patients with recurrent renal stone were examined for distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) defects by acid challenge test (150 mg ammonium chloride/kg body weight). Their 24-h urine samples were analysed for creatinine, calcium, oxalic acid, inorganic phosphorus, uric acid, magnesium and citric acid. One-hour urine samples before acid load and hourly samples for the 7 h following acid challenge test were collected and analysed for creatinine, calcium, citric acid, inorganic phosphorus, titratable acidity, and ammonium. The incidence of distal RTA defect was 22.2% in the patients examined. The major biochemical characteristics in RTA patients compared with patients without RTA were: (a) significantly higher urinary pH, (b) significantly lower excretion of citric acid, (c) no significant difference in calcium excretion and (d) a tendency toward lower titratable acidity and ammonium excretion.
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PMID:A study of recurrent stone formers with special reference to renal tubular acidosis. 748 48

A sequential injection analysis system for the simultaneous determination of phosphate and silicate in waste water is proposed. The method is based on the formation of yellow vanadomolybdophosphate and molybdosilicate, respectively, in addition to the use of large sample volumes. The mutual interference between both analytes was eliminated by selection of the appropriate acidity and by sample segmentation with oxalic acid. The calibration graph for phosphate and silicate is linear up to 12 mg l-1 P and 30 mg l-1 Si, respectively. The detection limits are 0.2 mg l-1 P and 0.9 mg l-1 Si. The method provides a throughput of 23 samples h-1 with a relative standard deviation < 1.4% for phosphate and < 4% for silicate. The method was found to be suitable for the determination of these species in waste water samples.
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PMID:Simultaneous determination of phosphate and silicate in waste water by sequential injection analysis. 946 51

Effective pathogenesis by the fungus Sclerotinia sclerotiorum requires the secretion of oxalic acid. Studies were conducted to determine whether oxalate aids pathogen compatibility by modulating the oxidative burst of the host plant. Inoculation of tobacco leaves with an oxalate-deficient nonpathogenic mutant of S. sclerotiorum induced measurable oxidant biosynthesis, but inoculation with an oxalate-secreting strain did not. Oxalate inhibited production of H(2)O(2) in tobacco and soybean cultured cell lines with a median inhibitory concentration of approximately 4 to 5 mM, a concentration less than that measured in preparations of the virulent fungus. Several observations also indicate that the inhibitory effects of oxalate are largely independent of both its acidity and its affinity for Ca(2)+. These and other data demonstrate that oxalate may inhibit a signaling step positioned upstream of oxidase assembly/activation but downstream of Ca(2)+ fluxes into the plant cell cytosol.
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PMID:Oxalic acid, a pathogenicity factor for Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, suppresses the oxidative burst of the host plant. 1109 Feb 18

The kinetics, reaction pathways and product distribution of oxidation of tetrachloroethylene (PCE) by potassium permanganate (KMnO4) were studied in phosphate-buffered solutions under constant pH, isothermal, completely mixed and zero headspace conditions. Experimental results indicate that the reaction is first-order with respect to both PCE and KMnO4 and has an activation energy of 9.3+/-0.9 kcal/mol. The second-order rate constant at 20 degrees C is 0.035+/-0.004 M(-1) s(-1), and is independent of pH and ionic strength (I) over a range of pH 3-10 and I approximately 0-0.2 M, respectively. The PCE-KMnO4 reaction may proceed through further oxidation and/or hydrolysis reaction pathways, greatly influenced by the acidity of the solution, to yield CO2(g), oxalic acid, formic acid and glycolic acid. Under acidic conditions (e.g., pH 3), the further oxidation pathway will dominate and PCE tends to be directly mineralized into CO2 and chloride. Under neutral (e.g., pH 7) and alkaline conditions (e.g., pH 10), the hydroxylation pathway dominates the reaction and PCE is primarily transformed into oxalic acid prior to complete PCE mineralization. Moreover, all chlorine atoms in PCE are rapidly liberated during the reaction and the rate of chloride production is very close to the rate of PCE degradation.
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PMID:Kinetics and mechanism of oxidation of tetrachloroethylene with permanganate. 1192 62

A new method for palladium and platinum direct determination in environmental samples is proposed by coupling ion chromatography with quadrupole inductively coupled plasma MS. In order to optimise Pd and Pt separation and to minimise interference from matrix in real samples, several anionic and cationic stationary phases have been compared at different mobile phase compositions. In particular, the effect of acidity and of the addition of oxalic acid to the eluent on separation and detection performance has been studied, and the anion-exchange column AG11 turned out to be more suitable. After chromatographic and mass spectrometer parameter optimisation, several potential interferences and the main quality parameters of the method, according to the Eurachem-CITAC recommendations, were evaluated: the detection limit for Pt was 5 ng l(-1) while the value for Pd was 230 ng l(-1). The method was successfully employed in the determination of platinum group elements in urban road dust and atmospheric particulates and the complete absence of matrix spectral interferences was demonstrated.
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PMID:Ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, a powerful analytical tool for complex matrices estimation of Pt and Pd in environmental samples. 1283 Aug 76

Soil amendment with organic materials (crop residues animal manure, and green manure) reportedly has positive effects on soil properties, from acidity to plant-nutrient availability. To examine that hypothesis, an incubation study was conducted to assess the changes in some chemical properties of three different tropical soils (Andisol, Ultisol, and Oxisol) amended with chicken manure and green manure (Leucaena leucocephala) at the rate of 10tha(-1). The results showed that organic amendments raised soil pH and EC, regardless of the type of manure used. Manuring lowered the concentrations of Mehlich-3 extractable Ca, P, Mn and Si in all soils and decreased the concentration of Mg in the Ultisol and Oxisol. However, manure amendment led to increases in the concentrations of Mg and K in the Andisol. Organic amendments caused a decrease in KCl extractable Al. Initial soluble C levels were highest in the Oxisol (60micromolg(-1)) and lowest in the Andisol (20micromolg(-1)). The concentration of soluble C decreased exponentially with duration of incubation. Three low molecular weight organic molecules (acetic acid, catechol and oxalic acid) out of the eight tested were found in all manure-amended soils. This study quantified the release of some Al chelating organic acids, the reduction of exchangeable Al, and the changes in major plant-nutrients when organic materials were added to nutrient poor, tropical acid soils.
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PMID:Temporal changes of selected chemical properties in three manure - amended soils of Hawaii. 1855 Mar 67

The precipitation chemical components are good indicators of the air pollution. With rapid economic developing, air quality has greatly changed in Shenzhen. To investigate Chemical feature of precipitation and atmospheric pollution characteristics in Shenzhen, two-year precipitation samples in Shenzhen were collected and analyzed. Based on the dataset, chemical characteristics of rainwater in Shenzhen were discussed. Results show that the concentration of the sum of anions and rations in Shenzhen rainwater was lower compared to northern cities like Beijing, whereas the acidification of rainwater was very serious in Shenzhen. Volume-weighted mean pH values of rainwater were 4.48 and 4.68 respectively, and 88% and 91% of rain events were acidic in 2004 and 2005, respectively. The contribution of SO4(2-) to Shenzhen rainwater acidity was smaller than that in northern cities and NO3- and Cl- played an important part to acidification of Shenzhen precipitation. The contribution of Cl- and Na+ to rainwater chemical components was higher, indicating the significant marine influence on Shenzhen precipitation. The secondary components like SO4(2-), NO3- and NH4+ contributed significantly to total ions of rainwater and they accounted for more than 40% of total ions in 2004 and 2005, which indicated the severe secondary pollution in Shenzhen. There was the obvious difference in origins for different rainwater components. Cl-, K+ and Na+ were mainly from marine contribution while SO4(2-), NO3-, Ca2+ and Mg2+ were mainly from non-sea salt fraction. Formic acid, acetic acid and oxalic acid were most abundant low-molecular weight organic acids and the sum of their concentrations accounted for 94% and 99% of total organic acids determined in 2004 and 2005, respectively.
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PMID:[Chemical characteristics of atmospheric precipitation in Shenzhen]. 1863 55

40 rainwater samples were collected at Anshun from June 2007 to October 2007 and analysed in terms of pH values, electrical conductivity, major inorganic anions and soluble low molecular weight carboxylic acids. The results showed that pH of individual precipitation events ranged from 3.57-7.09 and the volume weight mean pH value was 4.57. The most abundant carboxylic acids were acetic (volume weight mean concentration 6.75 micromol x L(-1)) and formic (4.61 micromol x L(-1)) followed by oxalic (2.05 micromol x L(-1)). The concentration levels for these three species during summer especially June and July were comparatively high; it implied that organic acids in Anshun may came primarily from emissions from growing vegetations or products of the photochemical reactions of unsaturated hydrocarbons. Carboxylic acids were estimated to account for 32.2% to the free acidity in precipitation. The contribution was higher than in Guiyang rainwater, which indicated contamination by industry in Guiyang was more than in Anshun. The remarkable correlation(p = 0.01) between formic acid and acetic acid suggest that they have similar sources or similar intensity but different sources. And the remarkable correlation (p = 0.01) between and formic acid and oxalic acid showed that the precursors of oxalic acid and formic acid had similar sources. During this period, the overall wet deposition of carboxylic acids were 2.10 mmol/m2. And it appeared mainly in the summer, during which both concentration and contribution to free acidity were also relatively high. Consequently, it was necessary to control emission of organic acids in the summer to reduce frequence of acid rain in Anshun.
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PMID:[Low molecular weight carboxylic acids in precipitation during the rainy season in the rural area of Anshun, West Guizhou Province]. 1943 6

Analysis of chromium in Mentha piperita and the soil where it is cultivated was done. The capacity of soil for chromium immobilization and the capacity of M. piperita L., to control its uptake were analyzed by spiking the soil with standard solutions of Cr(III). For each concentration three acidity levels: natural, one unit below and one above its natural acidity (pH(2)=6, pH(1)=5 and pH(3)=7) were tested. Three-stage sequential extraction was performed (I stage: 1M ammonium-acetate, II stage: 0.1M hydroxylamine-chlorohydrate and III stage: 0.2/0.2M oxalic acid/ammonium-oxalate mixture). The chromium content in the extracts was obtained after the measurements by GFAAS. The results (expressed in mgL(-1)), at pH(1), pH(2) and pH(3), respectively, were as follows: I stage: 4.64-10.93, 0.79-5.78 and 0.26-5.26; II stage: 1.14-15.99, 0.76-20.31 and 0.67-20.64; III stage: 0.67-20.64, 19.17-100.76 and 19.17-116.05. A high potential of the soil for chromium immobilization was observed. In parallel, soil and plant samples were prepared by microwave-assisted acid digestion for total chromium determination. By analysis of SRMs (NIST SRM 2711 - Montana II Soil, NIST SRM 8433 - Corn Bran and NIST SRM 1547 - Peach Leaves) good recoveries (72.7-115.3%) were obtained. Additionally, iron and manganese oxides and hydroxides were recognized as matrix components of special importance for mobility of chromium species within a soil structures so, the determination of Mn and Fe was done too.
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PMID:Determination of chromium in Mentha piperita L. and soil by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after sequential extraction and microwave-assisted acid digestion to assess potential bioavailability. 1991 18


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