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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A method is described to study the effect of successively changing incubation conditions on the release of rapidly labeled RNA from isolated nuclei. Nuclear columns containing immobilized rat liver nuclei isolated after in vivo application of labeled orotic acid are perfused with different non-radioactive media. Within the course of one perfusion, the rate of RNA release can be repeatedly altered by variation of temperature, acidity and concentrations of nucleoside triphosphates, complexing agents, sodium chloride and manganese chloride. RNA release can be started and stopped, indicating that the reaction does not result from damage to nuclei. During 60 min perfusion the same product, labeled ribonucleoprotein (sigma = 1.43 g/cm3 in CsCl), is released. High release rates depend on the ratio of nucleoside triphosphate to divalent cation concentration, not on the concentration of the agents per se. Ribonucleoside and deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates exert the same effect as ATP. The SH reagents iodoacetamide and iodoacetate only slightly affect the ATP-induced reaction. In contrast, p-chloromercuribenzoate, after an initial stimulation, causes inhibition of RNA release.
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PMID:Studies on ribonucleic acid metabolism using nuclear columns. Release of rapidly labeled RNA from rat liver nuclei. 1 Feb 44

The effects of increased acidity and of lactate at acid pH values on the ultrastruct of normal dog myocardium were investigated using a simple in vitro system. Thin tissue slices incubated in isotonic, phosphate-buffered sodium chloride at pH 6.5, 6.8, or 7.0 developed within 10 minutes electron-dense mitochondrial inclusions resembling those seen in dog heart muscle after 40 or more minutes of ischemia. Mitochondria of tissue incubated in a comparable medium incorporating 3000 mu g. of lactate per ml. showed similar electron-dense inclusions, together with marked swelling. These results indicate that lowered tissue pH alone is not responsible for the mitochondrial changes typical of ischemic heart muscle. Since an earlier study has shown that marked mitochondrial swelling without dense granule formation can be produced by incubation of tissue in lactate at physiologic pH, it seems likely that the swelling of mitochondria in ischemic myocardium is due to the accumulation of lactate anions, whereas the development of the mitochondrial inclusions is associated with decreased pH.
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PMID:Mitochondrial changes in dog myocardium induced by lowered pH in vitro. 23 54

Rats were concurrently exposed to mixtures of ozone or nitrogen dioxide and respirable-sized aerosols of sulfuric acid, ammonium sulfate, or sodium chloride, or to each pollutant individually. Their responses to such exposures were evaluated by various quantitative biochemical analyses of lung tissue or lavage fluids, or by morphometric analyses. Such studies were performed in the acute time frame, generally involving exposures of from one to nine days, depending on the assays used. Correlations between the biochemical and morphometric results were examined over a wide range of pollutant concentrations in the exposure chambers. Good correlations were found between the most sensitive biochemical indicators of lung damage--the protein content of lung lavage fluid or whole lung tissue and the rate of lung collagen synthesis--and the morphometric estimation of volume density or volume percent of the centriacinar lung lesion characteristically observed in animals exposed to ozone. Synergistic interaction between ozone and sulfuric acid aerosol was demonstrated to occur at environmentally relevant concentrations of both pollutants by several of the analytical methods used. Such interactions were demonstrated at concentrations of ozone as low as 0.12 parts per million (ppm)2 and of sulfuric acid aerosol at concentrations as low as 5 to 20 micrograms/m3. The acidity of the aerosol is a necessary (and apparently a sufficient) condition for such a synergistic interaction between an oxidant gas and a respirable aerosol to occur. A hitherto unexpected synergistic interaction between nitrogen dioxide and sodium chloride aerosol was found during these studies; it is hypothesized that this was due to formation of their acidic (anhydride) reaction product, nitrosyl chloride, in the chambers during exposure to the mixture. Preliminary experiments treating exposed animals in vivo with various free-radical scavengers suggested that dimethylthiourea, a hydroxyl-radical scavenger, might be protective against effects of ozone on rat lungs. This observation might have mechanistic implications, but further studies will be necessary to determine the significance of these findings.
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PMID:Synergistic effects of air pollutants: ozone plus a respirable aerosol. 201 83

The paper presents pilot experience with oral use of sodium chloride mineral water Makov I for chronic achlorhydric gastritis. Altogether 734 patients were studied. Of them, 217 were evaluated for intragastric pH upon administration of a single water dose, 32 upon a course of treatment. There was a significant stimulating effect of the mineral water on gastric acidity.
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PMID:[The therapeutic efficacy of a sodium chloride mineral water in chronic gastritis patients with secretory insufficiency]. 228 13

Twenty samples of Erzincan (Savak) Tulum cheese were investigated for the microbiological quality and some chemical analyses. Cheese was characterized by moisture content means = 45.0%; 3.27% sodium chloride and 2.14% acidity. Significant variation was found in the major compositional factors indicating a general lack of quality and/or extreme diversity of the manufacturing conditions. Microbiological test revealed the presence of very high count of total coliforms, psychrotrophic bacteria, yeasts and moulds, high numbers of Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium perfringens but no salmonellas. Statistical relationship between growth and counts, and the presence of other indicators, pathogens, and compositional factors was investigated.
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PMID:The microbiological quality of Erzincan (Savak) Tulum cheese from Turkish retail markets. 256 Aug 17

A sanitary and technological diagnosis of the goat cheese rural process was carried out. The purpose was to obtain more information for the planning of a program aimed to the improvement of this small agroindustry. Samples of milk, curdle, dry abomasum, rennet, water and cheese of 10% of the small industries of two rural villages in two agricultural seasons, were taken. Moreover, dilutions of the utensils and goat udders were prepared. The samples were subjected to microbiological analysis of mesophilic aerobic bacteria count, most probable number of total and fecal coliforms, and detection of Staphylococcus aureus coagulase (+), Salmonella typhi and Brucella melitensis. Proximate chemical analysis and determinations of sodium chloride and titratible acidity in milk, cheese, dry abomasum and rennet, were carried out. Goat milk was also subjected to analysis of density. It was found that significant sanitary failures are present during th whole goat cheese process, although the highest bacteria contamination occurred at the milking, curdling and filling stages. These are characterized by excessive handling and absolute lack of hygiene. The pathogen B. melitensis was absent; therefore the causes of poisoning were attributed to the toxin produced by S. aureus and to the significant count of fecal coliforms found in the goat cheese. Even though the goats are fed under a poor feeding system, the milk presented a normal physical and chemical composition. Nevertheless, protein and fat matter losses occur during cheese preparation, as a result of handling practices and lack of process control.
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PMID:[Sanitary and technologic evaluation of the rural processing of fresh goat cheese in Chile]. 315 1

The data obtained suggest that the sodium ions (0.5-2.0 g) reduce the gastric juice secretion and its acidity whereas magnesium and calcium ions increase the latter. Potassium ions exert practically no effect on the acidity. The suppressing effect of the sodium ions seems to be connected with an increase excretion of sodium chloride with urine as well as with increased diuresis in general. Saluretics suppress the secretion and acidity of the gastric juice on account of increased diuresis and subsequent excretion of large amount of chlorides as well as by means of serotonin release from the Ec cells of the gastro-intestinal tract, the action of serotonin being actualized on the level of the gastric glands' cells, parietal those in particular.
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PMID:[Effect of various cations on the secretory and acid-forming function of the stomach]. 370 82

The study was designed to obtain information on selected extrapulmonary effects of enprofylline, an adenosine-non-blocking alkylxanthine that is about 5 times more potent as a bronchodilator than the adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline. Effects of theophylline (5.0 mg/kg) on lower esophageal sphincter pressure (LESP), gastric secretion, and diuresis and of enprofylline (1.5 mg/kg intravenously producing about 2 micrograms/ml plasma) were examined in 8 healthy volunteers. Enprofylline and theophylline decreased LESP (by 5.0 +/- 2.6 mm Hg, mean +/- SD, p less than 0.001, and by 5.8 +/- 2.7 mmHg, p less than 0.001, respectively), but only theophylline stimulated gastric secretion (volume p less than 0.01 and acidity p less than 0.01) and urine production (volume p less than 0.01 and sodium chloride excretion p less than 0.01). Neither xanthine affected plasma gastrin. Enprofylline and theophylline can be expected to have a similar ability to reduce the barrier to gastroesophageal reflux, but only the latter would have additional stimulant effects on gastric secretion and diuresis. These findings may have clinical significance and suggest a role for adenosine in regulating gastric secretion (and diuresis) but not LESP.
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PMID:Relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter and stimulation of gastric secretion and diuresis by antiasthmatic xanthines. Role of adenosine antagonism. 396 10

We have previously reported that hyperosmotic solutions of sodium chloride or of xylitol possess potent anti-ulcer activity and reduce gastric acidity in the rat. They also stimulate gastric prostaglandin (PG) biosynthesis, which may bear a causal relationship to the above effects. In the present investigation we studied the effect of intragastric hyperosmolarity on the transmucosal potential difference (PD) and on the permeability to H+ ions in the rat stomach. We also studied the effect of the prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors, indomethacin and flufenamic acid, on these parameters. Rat stomach was perfused in vivo, under urethane anesthesia, by xylitol solutions made up in 0.01 N HCl. While moderately hyperosmotic (13%) xylitol was without effect, the perfusion of intensely hyperosmotic xylitol (34.5%) resulted in a long lasting reduction of the transmucosal PD from a mean (+/- SEM) of -63 +/- 4 mV to a trough value of -40 +/- 3 mV. This depression of transmucosal PD was inhibited in a dose-related fashion by prior treatment with the PG-synthetase inhibitors. Acid recovery in the effluent was significantly reduced by the 34.5% xylitol solution and indomethacin pretreatment did not modify the effect of hyperosmotic xylitol. It is concluded that, although intensely hyperosmotic xylitol produces some of the characteristic effects of a barrier breaker, i.e. depression of transmucosal PD and acid back diffusion, these two phenomena probably involve different mechanisms, as indicated by their differential response to indomethacin.
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PMID:Hyperosmotic xylitol, prostaglandins and gastric mucosal barrier. 679 43

The investigation included zucchini cultivars of Polish (Astra) and foreign (Storr's Green F1) breeding. The analysed material was harvested in the investigator's experimental field. Lactic fermentation at controlled temperature of fruits 100-130 mm in length was carried out in early September, the variants consisting of souring at the concentration of 0.05% and 0.10% in the brine which filled 35% of the volume of pickling containers. The evaluation of pickles was carried out after 6 month of souring. The raw material for pickling contained 8.67-9.66% of dry matter, 2.47-2.60% of sugars, 1.84-18.9% protein (N x 6.25), 0.42-0.50% of pectic compounds, and 46.9 mg/100 g of vitamin C. The pickles were characterized by a good organoleptic quality expressed by scores from 4.39-4.96 and by the following physico-chemical composition: dry matter 8.11-8.86%, sugars 0.9-0.11%, N x 6.25 1.54-1.56%, total acidity 0.82-1.01%, sodium chloride 2.15-2.26%, pectic compounds 0.20-0.25%, volatile acidity 43-64 mg/100, ethyl alcohol 30-35 mg/100 g, and vitamin C 10.9-14.9 mg/100 g. The addition of potassium sorbinate to the brine favourably affected the chemical composition and organoleptic quality of the final product. With the level of sorbic acid in pickles rising from 0 to 26 mg/100 g (the 0.10% addition of potassium sorbinate to the brine) the total content of acids increased by 18% and the content of preserved vitamin C by 32%, while the amount of volatile acids was reduced by 25% and that of ethyl alcohol by 38%.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[The influence of potassium sorbate addition on the quality of pickled zucchini fruit]. 779 19


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