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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Antisecretory effect of single oral therapeutic doses of pirenzepine (25 mg and 50 mg) and cimetidine (200 mg and 400 mg) was studied in 12 patients with duodenal ulcer. Gastric secretion was studied in basal condition and after stimulation with pentagastrin. Basal, maximum and peak acid output, basal and maximum acidity, and basal and maximum volume were calculated after computerised correction for pyloric loss and duodenal reflux. Both drugs showed dose-related inhibition of all facets of gastric secretion. Cimetidine (200 mg) had a greater inhibitory effect on gastric basal secretion, but a similar effect on pentagastrin stimulated secretion as with pirenzepine (50 mg). Cimetidine (400 mg) showed about twice the inhibitory activity of pirenzepine (50 mg) both on basal and stimulated secretion.
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PMID:Antisecretory activity of pirenzepine versus cimetidine in man: a controlled study. 654 71

230 highly selective vagotomies (H.S.V.) for chronic duodenal ulcer are carefully studied. Per and postoperative complications are reviewed and compared with the most important reported statistics. A 10-year follow-up gives an indication of the late functional results and evaluation of the percentage of recurrences which lies at around 6%, on first estimation. A complete study of pre- and postoperative gastric secretion tests in duodenal ulcers which did not respond to treatment with Cimetidine and also in patients with very severe hyperacidity is reported, showing that, even in these cases, H.S.V. notably decreases acidity levels and gives satisfactory results. H.S.V. has practically no mortality, a very low morbidity and is followed by excellent functional results. The only factor which remains is the relatively high rate of recurrence which increases with time.
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PMID:Analytical study and long-term results of 230 highly selective vagotomies for chronic duodenal ulcer. 666 54

Cimetidine 10 mg/kg orally was given at varying times from 60 to 240 minutes pre-operatively to 100 healthy children between the ages of 6 months and 14 years. Cimetidine proved to be most effective when given between 120 and 180 minutes before the induction of anaesthesia. All patients in this group had a gastric pH of more than 2.5 and the mean volume aspirated was also significantly lower than that in the control group. The average peak blood concentration after 10 mg/kg oral cimetidine in four healthy children was 3.25 micrograms/ml (range 1.20-4.80) and occurred 75 minutes after administration (range 60-120 minutes). In these patients the mean (SD) half-life of cimetidine was 138 (18) minutes. The reduction of gastric juice volume and acidity produced by 10 mg/kg oral cimetidine given 120-180 minutes prior to induction of anaesthesia has important clinical implications.
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PMID:Reduction of gastric acid secretion. The efficacy of pre-anaesthetic oral cimetidine in children. 671 79

Cimetidine prophylaxis significantly reduced the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding after severe head injury in this prospective, double-blind clinical trial. Cimetidine effectively reduced both the volume and the acidity of gastric secretions after brain injury without producing adverse side effects. The most common endoscopic finding was superficial, erosive, mucosal lesions in the proximal stomach. Cimetidine prophylaxis was not shown to reduce the incidence of these lesions in this study but did diminish their severity and the likelihood that they would complicate the management of these patients.
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PMID:Prevention of acute gastrointestinal complications after severe head injury: a controlled trial of cimetidine prophylaxis. 698 76

Pneumonia, in infants suffering from esophageal atresia with lower esophageal fistula, is usually caused by gastric reflux through the fistula, In order to abolish the acidity of the gastric content, Cimetidine i.v. infusion was used during the first 12--48 hr after diagnosis, while treating the pneumonia. The amount of Cimetidine required to induce achlorhydria was established by serial aspiration of gastric content, in infants and children with gastrostomies performed for various causes.
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PMID:Use of cimetidine in esophageal atresia with lower tracheoesophageal fistula. 722 52

Patients coming for elective surgery were randomly assigned to one of three treatment groups: control, cimetidine 300 mg orally two hours pre-operatively, or sodium citrate 0.3 M solution 30 ml orally, given as the patient was leaving the ward for the operating room. Each group consisted of 15 patients. This study reconfirms the average 26 per cent risk of significant aspiration in patients, coming for elective surgery, who have not received an agent intended to decrease gastric acidity or to decrease volume of gastric content. Sodium citrate is effective most of the time (87 per cent) in decreasing gastric acidity but is associated with a large mean volume (40.8 ml) of aspirate. From the results of this study cimetidine appears to be the preferable agent to use because it is completely effective in decreasing gastric acidity but does not increase the mean volume (17.0 ml) of the aspirate. Cimetidine appears to be an excellent agent to use as a preventative measure against aspiration during the induction of anaesthesia. Sodium citrate is a reasonable alternative if there is a contraindication to the use of cimetidine. However, these agents should be regarded only as adjuncts in the prevention of aspiration of gastric contents at the time of induction of anaesthesia.
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PMID:A comparative evaluation of cimetidine and sodium citrate to decrease gastric acidity: effectiveness at the time of induction of anaesthesia. 723

Antacids reduce gastric acidity by neutralization, diminish peptic activity by increasing luminal pH above that optimal for proteolysis and provide thereby the rational for their use in ulcer disease. In clinical trials antacids fastened ulcer healing in patients with duodenal ulcer but not with gastric ulcer when compared to placebo. Furthermore, the prophylactic use of antacid medication can significantly reduce the frequency of acute bleeding when gastric content is titrated to a pH greater 3.5 on an hourly basis. Cimetidine does not adequately protect seriously ill patients from acute upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. Antacids are better for this purpose. So far the efficacy of an antacid therapy has not been proven in controlled trials in patients with chronic ulcer disease, in patients with recurring ulcers following gastric surgery and in patients bleeding from acute or chronic gastroduodenal lesions.
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PMID:[Complicated ulcer; prevention and therapy of upper gastrointestinal bleeding; indications for antacid therapy]. 741 51

Cimetidine, SKF 92334, 1-Cyano 2-methyl -3-2 (Methylimidazole -4- ylmethylthio) ethyl guanidine, C10 H16 N6 S, a competitive antagonist of H2 histamine receptors was given as a single dose orally before induction of anaesthesia in elective and emergency surgery. The volume and pH of the gastric juice were measured in 260 patients of either sex. Cimetidine was given at different times between 0 and 6 hours and was compared with control Group A who received I.M. injection of diazepam 10 mg. and atropine sulphate 0.6 mg, and control Group B who received oral diazepam 10 mg. 1-11/2 hours preoperatively. Cimetidine had maximum effect in reducing the acidity of the gastric secretion when given 2-4 hours preoperatively. Atropine had no substantial effect in reducing the pH and volume of gastric juice when administered with cimetidine.
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PMID:The preoperative use of cimetidine in reducing acidity of gastric secretion. 746 65

Acute trauma victims are at high risk for gastric aspiration during urgent anesthesia. The morbidity of this complication is well known and is directly related to the acidity of the gastric contents. A pH less than 2.5 is associated with a marked increase in pulmonary sequelae. Cimetidine has been effective in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease because of its ability to elevate gastric pH. This was a prospective randomized study of administering a single dose of cimetidine (300 mg IV) to trauma patients in the Emergency Department. Fifty patients were studied and 39 (78%) had an initial gastric aspirate pH less than 2.5. The gastric pH remained in this critical range over the ensuing 4 hours in 19 (90%) of the 21 patients not receiving cimetidine. In contrast, only two (11%) of the 18 patients given cimetidine were observed to have gastric pH levels less than 3.0, 1 hour after administration. This protective effect was maintained over the subsequent 3 hours of observation. These preliminary findings warrant further clinical trial of cimetidine for the prophylaxis against aspiration pneumonitis in patients at high risk for this complication.
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PMID:Cimetidine for the prophylaxis of potential gastric acid aspiration pneumonitis in trauma patients. 747 Feb 25

Recent epidemiological evidence suggests that Listeria monocytogenes (LM) is a food-borne pathogen in humans. A model of LM infection was developed using the Sprague-Dawley (SD) rat to study the interaction of LM with gastrointestinal epithelium as the first step in the pathogenesis of invasive listeriosis. Conventionally raised, juvenile female SD rats were given 10(2)-10(9) virulent L. monocytogenes, serotype 4b or nonpathogenic Listeria species. Only rats given virulent LM developed dose-dependent invasive infection of the liver and spleen. Light and electron microscopic studies suggested attachment to and invasion of the gastrointestinal mucosa by virulent LM. Because the development of invasive listeriosis in humans has been epidemiologically associated with a decrease in gastric acidity, the effect of decreasing gastric acidity on dose-dependent infection was studied. Rats were pretreated with cimetidine (50 mg/kg) by intraperitoneal injection prior to oral inoculation of 10(2)-10(9) virulent L. monocytogenes. Cimetidine significantly lowered the infective dose of virulent L. monocytogenes (P < 0.05). This oral model should allow further study of host and organism-specific virulence factors mediating the gastrointestinal phase of invasive LM infection, an increasingly important public health problem.
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PMID:A model of food-borne Listeria monocytogenes infection in the Sprague-Dawley rat using gastric inoculation: development and effect of gastric acidity on infective dose. 846 9


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