Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hypochlorhydria induced by potent antisecretory drugs is followed by a marked elevation of serum gastrin levels which leads to changes in ECL cell density in rats. "Soft" antiulcer drugs like prostaglandins do not increase gastrin levels. Their use in peptic ulcer disease seems to be mainly limited by a relatively high incidence of diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Rioprostil is a new prostaglandin E1 analogue. We compared the potency and duration of action of rioprosil 600 micrograms nocte with 300 micrograms bid on human gastric secretion in a placebo-controlled double-blind study. We further evaluated the clinical effectiveness of rioprostil 600 micrograms nocte in the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer. Nocturnal gastric acidity (24:00 to 08:00) was inhibited from 54.5 +/- 1.7 mmol H+/L (placebo experiments; n =9) to 26.7 +/- 3.5 mmol H+/L (52%) by rioprostil 300 micrograms bid (p less than 0.05) and to 14.4 +/- 3.8 mmol H+/L (74%) by rioprostil 600 micrograms nocte (p less than 0.05). During the daytime (09:00 to 18:00), H+ activity was reduced by 33% and 15% respectively (n.s.). Two hundred and three patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers were randomly allocated to treatment with either rioprostil 600 micrograms nocte or ranitidine 300 mg nocte for 4 weeks in a prospective double-blind study. The two groups were similar. After 2 and 4 weeks treatment respectively, about 55% and 85% of patients healed on rioprostil 600 micrograms nocte and 55% and 90% on ranitidine 300 mg nocte. There were no differences between the treatment groups in ulcer pain relief.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Prostaglandins and peptic ulcer disease: nocturnal administration of rioprostil vs ranitidine in duodenal ulcer healing. 310 57

A cohort of 743 Dutch short-term travellers (1-6 weeks) to various (sub)tropical areas was studied to assess incidences of travellers' diarrhoea (TD) and risk factors to guide prevention policies. The occurrence of TD was ascertained retrospectively by questionnaire; independent risk factors were identified by logistic regression analysis. The overall attack rate (AR, 95% CI) of TD was 52% (49-56); 11% (9-14) reported two or more episodes. The overall incidence rate (IR) per 100 person weeks of travel (pwt) (95% CI) was 22 (20-24). IRs were highest for travellers to the Middle East (48, 33-71), lowest for South-east Asia (17, 15-20) and East Africa (18, 14-24) and intermediate for South America and West Africa (both 26, 19-36), Central America (29, 23-37) and the Indian subcontinent (32, 26-39). Compared to first episodes of TD, subsequent episodes were of longer duration and more frequently accompanied by faecal blood loss, abdominal cramps or systemic symptoms. After adjustment for travel duration and destination, independent risk factors (OR, 95% CI) for TD were recent treatment for gastrointestinal (GI) disorders (4.6, 1.2-17.2), history of GI surgery (3.9, 1.4-11.1) and, possibly, current use of medication reducing gastric acidity (6.9, 0.7-67.4). The risk was reduced for extensive travel experience (0.4, 0.3-0.7) and organized travel (0.7, 0.5-0.9). Regarding prevention and/or antibiotic self-treatment of TD, priority should be given to travellers who may suffer major health or other consequences from TD and to those with pre-existing GI disorders, particularly when visiting a high or intermediate-risk area on individual journeys with limited travel experience.
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PMID:Incidence and risk factors of diarrhoea in Dutch travellers: consequences for priorities in pre-travel health advice. 985 3