Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A common feature of many CYP2C9 ligands is their weak acidity. As revealed by crystallography, the structural basis for this behavior involves a charge-pairing interaction between an anionic moiety on the substrate and an active site R108 residue. In the present study we attempted to re-engineer CYP2C9 to better accept basic ligands by charge reversal at this key residue. We expressed and purified the R108E and R108E/D293N mutants and compared their ability with that of native CYP2C9 to interact with (S)-warfarin, diclofenac, pyrene, propranolol, and ibuprofen amine. As expected, the R108E mutant maintained all the native enzyme's pyrene 1-hydroxylation activity, but catalytic activity toward diclofenac and (S)-warfarin was abrogated. In contrast, the double mutant displayed much less selectivity in its behavior toward these control ligands. Neither of the mutants displayed significant enhancement of propranolol metabolism, and all three preparations exhibited a type II (inhibitor) rather than type I (substrate) spectrum with ibuprofen amine, although binding became progressively weaker with the single and double mutants. Collectively, these data underscore the importance of the amino acid at position 108 in the acid substrate selectivity of CYP2C9, highlight the accommodating nature of the CYP2C9 active site, and provide a cautionary note regarding facile re-engineering of these complex cytochrome P450 active sites.
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PMID:Re-engineering of CYP2C9 to probe acid-base substrate selectivity. 1860 41

Three dimensional pharmacophoric maps were generated for each isoforms of CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 separately using independent training sets consist of highly potent substrates (seven substrates for each isoform). HipHop module of CATALYST software was used in the generation of pharmacophore models. The best pharmacophore model was chosen out of the several models on the basis of (i) highest ranking score, (ii) better fit value among training set, (iii) capability to screen substrates from data set and (iv) efficiency to identify the isoform specificity. The individual pharmacophore models (CYP2C9-hypo1, CYP2D6-hypo1 and CYP3A4-hypo1) are characterized by the pharmacophoric features XZDH, RPZH and XYZHH for the CYP2C9, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4 respectively. Each of the chosen models was validated by using data sets of CYP substrates. This comparative study of CYP substrates demonstrates the importance of acidic character along with HBD and HBAl features for CYP2C9, basic character with ring aromatic features for CYP2D6 and hydrophobic features for CYP3A4. Acidity, basicity and hydrophobicity features arising from the functional groups of the substrates are also responsible for demonstrating CYP isoform specificity. Hence, these chemical features are incorporated in the decision tree along with pharmacophore maps. Finally, a decision tree based on chemical features and pharmacophore features was generated to identify the isoform specificity of novel query molecule toward the three isoforms.
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PMID:CYP isoform specificity toward drug metabolism: analysis using common feature hypothesis. 2156 23