Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Satisfactory permeability of rifampicin through the hematoencephalic barrier was shown in experimental rabbit meningococcal meningitis and in treatment of patients with meningococcal meningitis. The antibiotic level and retention time in the liquor depended on the drug dose and acidity of gastric juice. The dose of 10 mg/kg bw administered at 8--10-hour intervals was the most optimal. The high therapeutic efficacy of rifampicin in treatment of patients with the generalized forms of meningococcal meningitis enables its recommendation for the use as a reserve drug. Rifampicin may be used alone when penicillin is intolerable or ineffective. It also may be used for additional treatment of the patients after penicillin therapy. Rifampicin in combination with penicillin may be used in treatment of purulent meningitis and meningoencephalitis of a dubious etiology.
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PMID:[Clinical and experimental rifampicin passage through the hemato-encephalic barrier and its effectiveness in treating meningococcal infections]. 725 47

Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a Gram-positive bacterium that causes sepsis and meningitis in neonates and infants. Although several GBS-associated virulence factors have been described, the mechanisms of GBS invasive disease are not well understood. To characterize additional virulence factors, a novel in vitro infection assay was developed using rat fetal lung explants. However, application of GBS to the system induced rapid lung tissue destruction associated with increased media acidity. Since lactic acid produced by other streptococci is an important virulence factor, we hypothesized that lactic acid contributed to the virulence of GBS. Spent growth media and neutralized-spent media were applied to explants and results indicated that neutralization of the media completely protected the tissue from degradation. These results were verified using multiple viability assays and with transformed cell lines. Furthermore, comparable spent media from Escherichia coli did not induce tissue cytotoxicity, suggesting that GBS produces organic acids in excess of other potential bacterial pathogens. Analysis of the spent media indicated that l-lactate levels reached approximately 70 mM, indicating that lactic acid is a major constituent of the metabolic acid produced by GBS. Treatment of explants with lactic acid alone produced dose-dependent tissue degradation, indicating that lactic acid is independently sufficient to induce target-tissue cytotoxicity. Finally, both spent media and 23.6 mM lactic acid produced dramatic tissue autofluorescence; the basis for this is currently unknown. These studies demonstrate that GBS-produced lactic acid is a potential virulence factor and may contribute to GBS invasive disease.
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PMID:Lactic acid is a potential virulence factor for group B Streptococcus. 1901 Apr 9

Cronobacter is associated with outbreaks of rare, but life-threatening cases of meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and sepsis in newborns. This study was conducted to determine the effect of organic acids on growth of Cronobacter in laboratory medium and reconstituted powdered infant formula (PIF) as well as the bacteriostatic effect of slightly acidified infant formula when combined with neonatal gastric acidity. Inhibitory effect of seven organic acids on four acid sensitive Cronobacter strains was determined in laboratory medium with broth dilution method at pH 5.0, 5.5 and 6.0. Acetic, butyric and propionic acids were most inhibitive against Cronobacter in the laboratory medium. The killing effect of these three acids was partially buffered in reconstituted PIF. Under neonatal gastric acid condition of pH 5.0, the slightly acidified formula which did not exert inhibition effect solely reduced significantly the Cronobacter populations. A synergistic effect of formula moderately acidified with organic acid combined with the physiological infant gastric acid was visible in preventing the rapid growth of Cronobacter in neonatal stomach. The study contributed to a better understanding of the inhibitory effect of organic acids on Cronobacter growth in different matrixes and provided new ideas in terms of controlling bacteria colonization and translocation by acidified formula.
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PMID:Growth inhibition of Cronobacter spp. strains in reconstituted powdered infant formula acidified with organic acids supported by natural stomach acidity. 2366 63