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Query: UMLS:C0847097 (acidity)
 15,165 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The histologically normal gastric mucosa in superficial gastritis causes a high intragastric acidity in an empty stomach as well as after excitation of the stomach receptors. Even the initial but particularly the moderate and severe atrophy of fundal gastric glands leads to the areceptive anacidity: the fundamental disorder of the acid forming function.
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PMID:[Morphological basis of gastric acid-forming function normally and in pathology]. 709 1

Gastric biopsies were performed before and after a 1-month aluminium phosphate gel treatment on 12 patients with gastritis or peptic ulcer requiring endoscopy. The sections were stained with various dyes used in histoenzymatic techniques, and colour intensity was evaluated double-blind by means of 0 to 5 scores. Compared with pretreatment levels, there was a statistically significant rise in PAS-toluidine blue activity, which measures mucus secretion (p less than 0.001) and in succinic dehydrogenase activity, an enzyme associated with cell respiration (p less than 0.05). The meaning of these changes is discussed. The mode of action of aluminum phosphate gels on the gastric mucosa remains hypothetical, but a direct contact induction mechanism seems more acceptable than an indirect mechanism involving non-specific reduction in intragastric acidity. Provided the results are statistically evaluated on a sufficient number of samples, PAS-toluidine blue and succinic dehydrogenase stains appear to constitute an easily measurable potential index of intracellular metabolic activity within the gastric mucosa. They could be used as markers to study the efficacy and biochemical mode of action of old and new drugs for gastro-duodenal disorders.
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PMID:[Histoenzymatic study of the effects of aluminium phosphate on the gastric mucosa (author's transl)]. 724 81

Determination was made of in situ gastric pH during early morning in fasting state (basal pH) by using wired glass electrodes, and results obtained were analyzed. Analysis of the pattern of variation in intragastric pH at night revealed no substantial difference between normal subjects and patients with peptic ulcer but a tendency to be lower in the latter group. It was also shown that sleeping waves appeared in the electroencephalogram in association with the increase in intragastric pH during sleep at night. The basal pH value was 5.4 +/- 2.1 in patients with gastric cancer, 3.0 +/- 2.2 in those with gastritis, 2.4 +/- 1.9 in those with gastric ulcer, 1.7 +/- 0.2 in normal subjects and 1.3 +/- 0.6 in patients with duodenal ulcer. In gastric ulcer patients more anal site of ulcer lesion was associated with lower mean age of the patients and higher incidence of intestinal metaplastic gastritis of the antral or non-metaplastic type. In patients who underwent partial gastrectomy for peptic ulcer, the pH value in the remnant stomach tended to become higher with the lapse of time in all cases, being constant at about 3 months postoperatively. The decrease in gastric acidity at 12 months after operation was incomplete in patients who underwent emergency gastrectomy for perforated duodenal ulcer but satisfactory in those who underwent selective vatotomy and anterectomy as elective operations.
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PMID:A study of intragastric pH in patients with peptic ulcer--with special reference to the clinical significance of basal pH value. 732 83

Antacids have served us well for over a century. In terms of peptic ulcer disease, the attitude in the late 1950s to 1970s that antacids should be taken only on demand was unjustified and erroneous. 13 recent endoscopic controlled studies have confirmed the efficacy of antacids in the healing of duodenal ulcer, achieving about 75% healing in 4 weeks. The efficacy of antacids in promoting gastric ulcer healing has been less well studied and the results are controversial. The most appropriate and economical antacid regimens for the treatment of duodenal ulcer disease should include tablets or liquid that have acid neutralising capacity of 400 mmol/day given at least an hour after meals. As a long term therapy, antacids appear to work, but need be taken in multiple daily doses, a regimen which is unlikely to meet with long term patient compliance. Patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disorders or pregnancy-related reflux have also benefited from the usage of antacids ad libitum. Early previous studies have clearly demonstrated the efficacy of antacids in reducing gastro-oesophageal reflux and healing of reflux oesophagitis. The acidity of the gastric contents is the major determining factor in the outcome of the aspiration pneumonitis occurring during delivery. The prophylactic use of antacids during delivery has helped to reduce the severity of this complication. Similarly, the prophylactic administration of antacid aiming to maintain gastric pH between 3.5 to 7.0 has resulted in significant reduction of bleeding due to stress associated ulcers and/or erosive haemorrhagic gastritis in critically ill patients. Antacid therapy, however, is controversial in the management of nonulcer dyspepsia or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug related upper gastrointestinal mucosal damage. Undoubtedly, antacids have major roles to play in the treatment of gastric acid related disorders. They have clear advantages and disadvantages when compared with the antisecretory agents. New proton pump inhibitors in particular have certainly superseded antacids and even the H2-receptor antagonists in many respects. However, the long term safety record of antacids remains unsurpassed by any of the new antisecretory agents.
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PMID:Antacids. Indications and limitations. 751 3

The patients with chronic superficial gastritis were perfused in the stomach with 20 g of Dendrobium nobile to observe the variations in gastric acidity output, serum gastrin and plasma somatostatin concentration. The result showed a significant increase in both acidity output and serum gastrin concentration (P < 0.01). No significant change occurred in plasma somatostatin concentration (P > 0.05).
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PMID:[Effect of Dendrobium nobile Lindl. on gastric acid secretion, serum gastrin and plasma somatostatin concentration]. 764 85

Omeprazole plus amoxicillin cures Helicobacter pylori infection. The hypothesis was tested that low acidity is a predictor of outcome. Fifty patients with relapsing or complicated, or both H pylori positive duodenal (n = 25) or gastric ulcer (n = 25) were randomly treated with either omeprazole 20 mg twice daily plus amoxicillin 1 g twice daily or with omeprazole 40 mg twice daily plus amoxicillin 1 g twice daily over two weeks. After one week of combined treatment, a 24 hour gastric pH measurement was performed in all patients. H pylori cure rate was 67%. Patients who later turned out to be cured had higher pH values during night time and after meals (p < 0.05). In an explorative analysis drug compliance, smoking, location of the ulcer (duodenum versus stomach), age, and grade of body gastritis were additional predictors of the outcome. Smoking (p = 0.006), compliance (p = 0.037), duodenal ulcer disease (p = 0.065), and young age (p = 0.021) were related to high acidity. In conclusion, the success of eradication treatment with omeprazole and amoxicillin in ulcer patients infected with H pylori depends on intragastric pH. Drug compliance, smoking habits, location of ulcer, age, and activity of body gastritis are other predictors and in part related to intragastric acidity.
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PMID:Intragastric acidity as a predictor of the success of Helicobacter pylori eradication: a study in peptic ulcer patients with omeprazole and amoxicillin. 767 77

The patients with chronic superficial gastritis were selected in the study. The variation in gastric acidity output, serum gastrin and plasma somatostatin concentration were observed during the Saussurea lappa decoction (SLD) perfusion into the stomach. There was no significant changes in acidity output, serum gastrin and plasma somatostatin concentration after the perfusion of SLD (P > 0.05). Changes in gastric emptying and plasma motilin concentration were observed after oral administration of the SLD in 5 healthy volunteers. The time of gastric emptying was markedly shortened after oral administration of SLD (P < 0.01). A significant increase occurred in plasma motilin concentration at 30 min. after oral administration of SLD (P < 0.01). It revealed that SLD could accelerate the gastric emptying and increase the endogenous motilin release.
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PMID:[Effect of Saussurea lappa on gastric functions]. 795 Feb 25

The study involved two groups of patients aged 6-14 and 40-60 years, and identification of different conditions of gastric mucosa. The study has established a correlation between the nitrosation activity and acidity of gastric juice and the pathological condition of the gastric mucosa. Enhanced nitrosation activity was observed in samples with a pH under 4.0. That activity was at its lowest in cases of normal gastric mucosa, and at its peak--in high-acidity superficial and erosive gastritis. In cases of superficial gastritis with similar levels of acidity, the nitrosation activity of gastric juice for different amines in children was 2-4 times that in adults. The difference in nitrosation levels for different amines tended to diminish with the decrease in the basicity of the amine in question. A linear correlation was observed between the free-radical activity of gastric juice samples and nitrosation activity (correlation coefficient, k = 0.72).
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PMID:[The dependence of the nitrosation activity of the gastric juice in humans on their age and the type of pathological status of the gastric mucosa]. 797 94

Hemodialysis patients are frequently affected by peptic disease, and in many cases they have high serum levels of gastrin. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of omeprazole, an inhibitor of gastric parietal cells hydrogen pump, on peptic disease and gastric secretion of 16 selected dialysis patients. H2-receptors blocking drugs or gastric acidity buffers were withdrawn for 2 weeks, then omeprazole was administered for 4 weeks at a daily dosage of 20 mg. Before and after the omeprazole therapy, registration of subjective peptic symptoms, baseline serum gastrin dosage and endoscopy of upper digestive tract were performed. Before starting omeprazole, the serum gastrin value was 515 +/- 180 pg/l, all the patients complained of peptic symptoms, and endoscopy showed: 8 cases of duodenal ulcer, 3 cases of pyloric ulcer and 5 cases of antral erosive gastritis. At the end of the omeprazole treatment period, a slight but statistically not significant increase of serum gastrin level (537 +/- 198 pg/l) was observed. Twelve patients reported the total disappearance of symptoms of peptic disease, 3 patients a partial reduction, and 1 patient had no improvement. Control endoscopy showed the healing (white scar) of all the ulcers, and the disappearance of all the erosive lesions. In conclusion, our results show that a 20 mg/day omeprazole short-term therapy can be given safely to uremic patients undergoing hemodialysis and is effective for a quick healing of active peptic lesions.
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PMID:Effects of omeprazole therapy on peptic disease and serum gastrin levels in hemodialysis patients. A preliminary study. 828 19

Thirty-three consecutive patients with idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion (defined as a basal acid output > 10.0 meq/hr with a normal fasting serum gastrin level and negative secretin stimulation test) who were being treated for duodenal ulcer disease and other acid-peptic disorders were evaluated for the presence of Helicobacter pylori by means of a rapid urease test. Fourteen patients had duodenal ulcer and 19 had other acid-peptic disorders (gastroesophageal reflux in 14, including six with Barrett's esophagus; four with nonulcer dyspepsia; and one with erosive gastritis). Helicobacter pylori was present in 12 of the 14 ulcer patients (86%) compared to only two of the 19 nonulcer patients (11%) (P < 0.0001). The distribution of basal acid output for patients with duodenal ulcer was similar to that for nonulcer patients, and no significant difference in the mean basal acid output was found among Helicobacter pylori-positive compared to Helicobacter pylori-negative patients. Seven of the duodenal ulcer patients with a basal acid output greater than 15.0 meq/hr were Helicobacter pylori-positive, suggesting that the organism can withstand even extreme levels of gastric acidity. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with duodenal ulcer disease associated with idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion is not different from a majority of ulcer patients with normal acid secretory profiles and offers additional evidence that extreme levels of gastric acid are not bactericidal for the organism.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori in duodenal ulcer patients with idiopathic gastric acid hypersecretion. 842 Jul 45


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