Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0752347 (Dementia with Lewy bodies)
 1,653 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We quantified by microdensitometry the immunoreactivity (IR) to monoclonal antibodies (SP6, SP12, SP15 and SP18) against various synaptic proteins in the molecular layers of the dentate gyrus, CA4, CA3, CA1, subiculum and entorhinal cortex in Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body variant of AD (LBV) and diffuse Lewy body disease (DLBD). A significant decrease in SP6 IR was observed in almost all regions in AD (28.4-70.1%, mean 41.3%), LBV (19.0-42.5%, mean 26.8%) and DLBD (19.9-31.7%, mean 27.1%) compared to controls. In addition, SP6 IR in the outer molecular layer of the dentate gyrus was strongly correlated with tangle count in the entorhinal cortex (r = -0.70, P < 0.002), suggesting loss of perforant pathway projection. Although the decrease in SP12 and SP15 IR was less pronounced, the mean values were decreased in dementia. Furthermore, SP12 and SP15 labeled a large number of neuritic plaques, and SP15 occasionally stained cortical LBs. The present findings indicate (i) that in the hippocampal-entorhinal formation, the decrease of synapse protein IR in AD is more severe than that in LBV and DLBD, (ii) that synaptic markers detect a subset of dystrophic neurites in the plaques and (iii) that synapse proteins are involved in the formation of cortical LBs.
 ...
PMID:Synapse alterations in the hippocampal-entorhinal formation in Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy body disease. 789 80

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is the second most common neurodegenerative dementia. Among many other neuropathological changes in DLB, brain region-specific cellular deficits have been reported. They include decreases in motor neuron and pyramidal cell densities, while neocortical parvalbumin (parv)-containing neurons are thought to be free of Lewy bodies and spared in DLB. However, elevated parv levels are found in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients suffering from dementia with Lewy bodies. We performed an immunohistochemical analysis of hippocampal parv-immunoreactive neurons in well-characterised DLB cases and from controls using a specific antibody against the calcium binding protein. In addition, an analysis of the regional and cellular distribution of alpha-synuclein was carried out. Subfield and laminar distribution of parv-immunoreactive (ir) neurons on the hippocampus in subjects with DLB and controls were present exclusively as non-granule cells of the dentate gyrus (DG)/hilus and non-pyramidal cells of CA1, CA2, CA3 and CA4 areas of the hippocampus. The distribution patterns did not differ qualitatively between DLB and controls. Quantitative estimation of parv-ir neuron density revealed significant decreases in the dentate (DG)/hilus region as well as in the CA1 subfield. Double immunolabelling experiments showed that only 2% of parv expressing interneurons were laden with alpha-synuclein immunoreactive material. No significant changes were found for the total neuron densities in DLB cases. Our results show a partial loss of parv-expressing hippocampal interneurons in DLB, which might be the result of long-lasting calcium overload in combination with a proposed impaired mitochondrial function. It remains to be elucidated if the numerical decrease of this particular subset of hippocampal interneurons has consequences for the gamma (20-80 Hz) frequency activity in DLB patients.
 ...
PMID:Partial loss of parvalbumin-containing hippocampal interneurons in dementia with Lewy bodies. 2048 8

To better understand the pathogenesis of dementia, it is important to understand histopathologic changes in neurodegenerative diseases because they might highlight key aspects of the degenerative process. In this study, the nuclear diameter of neurons and oligodendrocytes in selected temporal lobe areas were determined in autopsy tissue sections from patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), Lewy body dementia (LBD) and controls. Our morphometric studies targeted neurons in the CA4 region of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus, neurons in the granular layer of the dentate gyrus and oligodendrocytes in parahippocampal white matter. Mean neuronal nuclear diameters were not different among the studied groups. However, our studies revealed a statistically significant reduction of mean oligodendrocyte nuclear diameter in AD and LBD relative to controls. The reduction of the mean nucleus diameter of oligodendrocytes in LBD was independent of the presence of associated AD pathology in LBD. These findings for the first time identify decreased oligodendrocyte nucleus diameter as a morphologic feature of AD and LBD and may lead to a better understanding of the role of oligodendrocytes in AD and LBD pathogenesis.
 ...
PMID:Decreased oligodendrocyte nuclear diameter in Alzheimer's disease and Lewy body dementia. 2242 7