Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0751295 (memory loss)
 3,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A 53-year-old male was admitted to our hospital for a high fever. He suffered a change in personality, memory loss and disorientation as well. The findings of cerebrospinal fluid showed monocytosis, but the titers of glucose, C1 and ADA were all normal. Although there was no bacterium in the CSF, the patient's electroencephalography finding was abnormal. We diagnosed his condition as viral meningoencephalitis and started treatment with antiviral agents. Blood chemistry showed serum sodium of 130 mEq/l and plasma osmolarity was reduced to 272 mOsm/kg, while urine osmolarity was high at 353 mOsm/kg. Two potential causes of hyponatremia in this patient were the syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) or cerebral salt wasting syndrome (CSWS). Physical findings revealed a contracted extracellular fluid volume, strongly suggesting the presence of CSWS. The massive urine sodium loss overcoming sodium intake supported this diagnosis. After treatment with vigorous sodium and volume replacement for over 4 weeks, hyponatremia as well as meningoencephalitis were improved without any complication. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on CSWS in a patient with viral meningoencephalitis.
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PMID:[Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in a patient with viral meningoencephalitis]. 1712 84

The achiral sodium salt of poly(4-carboxyphenyl isocyanide) (poly-1-Na) folds into a one-handed helix induced by optically active amines in water. The induced helicity remains when the optically active amines are completely removed, and further modification of the side groups to amide residues is possible without loss of memory of macromolecular helicity. Although the helical poly-1-Na loses its chiral memory at high temperature, helical polyisocyanides modified with achiral primary amines, which no longer have any chiral components, keep their memory perfectly even at 100 degrees C in N,N-dimethylformamide in some cases and exhibit cholesteric liquid-crystalline phases, thus providing a robust scaffold with heat resistance to which a variety of functional groups can be introduced.
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PMID:Unexpected thermally stable, cholesteric liquid-crystalline helical polyisocyanides with memory of macromolecular helicity. 1745 38

The present study was designed to pharmacologically investigate the possible role of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) in the reversal of global cerebral injury induced by ischemia and reperfusion after ischemic postconditioning. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 17 min followed by reperfusion for 24 h was employed to produce ischemia- and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury in mice. Cerebral infarct size was measured by using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. Memory was evaluated using the Morris water maze test. The rotarod test was employed to assess motor incoordination. Bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by reperfusion produced a marked increase in cerebral infarct size, impairment of memory, and motor coordination. A set of 5 episodes of carotid artery occlusion for a period of 10 s and reperfusion of 10 s (ischemic postconditioning) significantly prevented ischemia-reperfusion-induced cerebral infarct size and behavioral deficits measured in terms of loss of memory and motor coordination. Diethyl dithiocarbamic acid sodium salt trihydrate (DDA) (100 mg/kg, i.p.), an inhibitor of NF-kappaB, given 30 min before ischemia attenuated the beneficial effects of ischemic postconditioning. It may be concluded that the beneficial effects of ischemic postconditioning on global cerebral ischemia- and reperfusion-induced cerebral injury and behavioral deficits may involve activation of the NF-kappaB-linked pathway.
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PMID:Diethyl dithiocarbamic acid, a possible nuclear factor kappa B inhibitor, attenuates ischemic postconditioning-induced attenuation of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. 1914 17

It has been demonstrated that hypertension can lead to coronary heart disease, heart failure, stroke, and memory loss. In this study we investigated the effect of acute and chronic hypertension on the avoidance and spatial learning and memory in rats. The forty male rats were divided into acute hypertensive, chronic hypertensive and control for each group rats. Hypertension was induced by Deoxy Corticosterone Acetate (DOCA)-salt method. DOCA was injected 30mg/kg of body weight subcutaneously, twice a week. These rats received NaCl 1% instead of tap water for drinking throughout the experiment. The control group received normal saline injection with usual drinking water. Spatial learning and memory was investigated by Morris water maze test and passive avoidance learning by Shuttle box test in the rats after hypertension induction. Results showed that acute hypertension impaired short-term memory in passive avoidance learning. However, acute and chronic hypertension did not affect spatial learning and memory. These data suggest that simple uncomplicated hypertension does not remarkably alter cognition.
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PMID:Effect of acute and chronic hypertension on short- and long-term spatial and avoidance memory in male rats. 1976 67

This is a review of the pharmacology of strontium ranelate (Protelos, Protos, Protaxos, Bivalos, Osseor), and its efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Strontium ranelate is a divalent strontium salt of ranelic acid that is capable of increasing bone formation and reducing bone resorption, thereby uncoupling and rebalancing bone turnover in favour of bone formation. The drug is effective in reducing the risk of fractures, including both vertebral and nonvertebral fractures, in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, according to data from two large, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trials of 5 years' duration, and reduced the risk of hip fracture in high-risk patients in a post hoc analysis of one trial. Moreover, data from patients who continued to receive the drug during the 3-year extension phases of these trials indicate that strontium ranelate continues to provide protection against new vertebral fractures and nonvertebral fractures for up to 8 years of therapy. It also improves bone mineral density at numerous sites and both increases markers of bone formation and decreases markers of bone resorption. Strontium ranelate is administered orally as a suspension and is generally well tolerated. The nature of adverse events was generally similar regardless of treatment duration in clinical trials, with the most commonly reported being nausea and diarrhoea over 5 years of treatment, and memory loss and diarrhoea during longer-term treatment. Although an increased risk of venous thromboembolism was associated with strontium ranelate relative to placebo over 5 years of treatment in a pooled analysis of clinical trials, postmarketing data have not confirmed this finding. Overall, the clinical data available suggest that strontium ranelate is an effective and generally well tolerated option for the first-line treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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PMID:Strontium ranelate: a review of its use in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 2039 57

This is a review of the pharmacology of strontium ranelate (Protelos, Protos, Protaxos, Bivalos, Osseor), and its efficacy and tolerability in the treatment of patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis. Strontium ranelate is a divalent strontium salt of ranelic acid that is capable of increasing bone formation and reducing bone resorption, thereby uncoupling and rebalancing bone turnover in favour of bone formation. The drug is effective in reducing the risk of fractures, including both vertebral and nonvertebral fractures, in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis, according to data from two large, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trials of 5 years' duration, and reduced the risk of hip fracture in high-risk patients in a post hoc analysis of one trial. Moreover, data from patients who continued to receive the drug during the 3-year extension phase of these trials indicate that strontium ranelate continues to provide protection against new vertebral fractures and nonvertebral fractures for up to 8 years of therapy. It also improves bone mineral density at numerous sites and both increases markers of bone formation and decreases markers of bone resorption. Strontium ranelate is administered orally as a suspension and is generally well tolerated. The nature of adverse events was generally similar regardless of treatment duration in clinical trials, with the most commonly reported being nausea and diarrhoea over 5 years of treatment, and memory loss and diarrhoea during longer-term treatment. Although an increased risk of venous thromboembolism was associated with strontium ranelate relative to placebo over 5 years of treatment in a pooled analysis of clinical trials, postmarketing data have not confirmed this finding. Overall, the clinical data available suggest that strontium ranelate is an effective and generally well tolerated option for the first-line treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.
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PMID:Spotlight on strontium ranelate: in postmenopausal osteoporosis. 2080 66