Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0751295 (memory loss)
 3,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The first case of AIDS positively identified in a non-foreigner in Taiwan was a 25-year-old unmarried male who had practiced homosexuality for ten years. The patient began to have abdominal pain accompanied with loose stools and weight loss in June 1985, followed by fever, cough, headache, dizziness, and loss of memory. Facial hyperpigmentation and extensive oroesophageal candidiasis were noted. Laboratory studies showed severe lymphopenia with a reversed T-helper to T-suppressor ratio, cutaneous anergy and polyclonal gammopathy. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibodies were positive by ELISA and Western blot, and the virus was isolated from the blood. At autopsy, disseminated cytomegalovirus infection, extensive CNS toxoplasmosis and early lesions of Kaposi's sarcoma were demonstrated. The detection of HIV in the adrenal medulla supports the consensus that the virus is neurotropic.
Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol 1987 Jun
PMID:An autopsy-proved case of AIDS in Taiwan. 330 20

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with increased incidence of behavioral changes and memory loss. Memory loss could be caused by Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD). So, we aimed to investigate the effect of sitagliptin in improving the working and reference memories in diabetic rats. Thirty six male Sprague-Dawley rats divided equally (n=12) into three groups: control, type 2 DM and type 2 DM treated with DPP-4 inhibitor (sitagliptin) for one month (10 mg/kg) orally. Working memory and reference memory were assessed by using the holeboard memory test. In all rats, serum glucose, insulin, adiponectin, total cholesterol (TC), TG, low (LDL) and high (HDL) density lipoprotein with calculation of the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and atherogenic index. The hypothalamus was separated for determination of the acetylcholine level and adiponectin receptors 1 (Adipo R1) m-RNA expression. Type 2 diabetic rats exhibited a significant decrease in both working and reference memories, with increased glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. The adiponectin level, acetylcholine content of the hypothalamus and Adipo R1 m-RNA expression were significantly reduced. Treatment with sitagliptin significantly improved the working and reference memories with significant reduction in the glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR. Moreover, sitagliptin increased significantly the acetylcholine content of the hypothalamus and Adipo R1 expression. In conclusion, sitagliptin might improve the cognitive function of the diabetic rats and the hypothalamic acetylcholine level possibly through increased AdipoR1 expression.
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PMID:Effect of sitagliptin on the working memory and reference memory in type 2 diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats: possible role of adiponectin receptors 1. 2430 75

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is characterized by the loss of normal functions of brain cells and neuronal death, ultimately leading to memory loss. Recent accumulating evidences have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of anti-diabetic agents, such as dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD), providing opportunities to explore and test the DPP-4 inhibitors for treating this fatal disease. Prior studies determining the efficacy of Pterocarpus marsupium (PM, Fabaceae) and Eugenia jambolana (EJ, Myrtaceae) extracts for ameliorating type 2 diabetes have demonstrated the DPP-4 inhibitory properties indicating the possibility of using of these extracts even for the treating AD. Therefore, in the present study, the neuroprotective roles of PM and EJ for ameliorating the streptozotocin (STZ) induced AD have been tested in rat model. Experimentally, PM and EJ extracts, at a dose range of 200 and 400mg/kg, were administered orally to STZ induced AD Wistar rats and cognitive evaluation tests were performed using radial arm maze and hole-board apparatus. Following 30 days of treatment with the extracts, a dose- and time-dependent attenuation of AD pathology, as evidenced by decreasing amyloid beta 42, total tau, phosphorylated tau and neuro-inflammation with an increase in glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels was observed. Therefore, PM and EJ extracts contain cognitive enhancers as well as neuroprotective agents against STZ induced AD.
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PMID:Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibition by Pterocarpus marsupium and Eugenia jambolana ameliorates streptozotocin induced Alzheimer's disease. 2466 60