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Query: UMLS:C0751295 (memory loss)
 3,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Memory loss is often a subjective symptom rather than an objective one. Complaints of poor memory appear to be related to stereotypes of aging and to the presence of depression, rather than to chronic brain disease. Reassuring an elderly person that occasional forgetfulness does not indicate senility, and improving morale in those who are depressed, effectively reduce exaggerated memory concerns.
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PMID:Helping an aging patient to cope with memory problems. 44 73

Responses to questions on the 1984 Supplement on Aging to the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) about the experience of personal confusion revealed that two-thirds of those interviewed reported never having an episode of confusion during the preceding year. Of those who reported episodes, fewer than one in five said they were happening with increased frequency. The many meanings of confusion found in the literature prompted a modest local study of what respondents understood by the term when asked the NHIS questions. Of those who admitted occasional confusion, almost two-thirds gave definitions that included memory loss or forgetfulness. Consequently, increased frequency of memory problems and difficulty in remembering were included with other variables in the analyses to identify significant predictors. They emerged the single best predictors of how often a respondent reported getting confused. Others were change in health status, number of functional limitations, educational attainment, and vision problems.
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PMID:Predictors of self-reported problems of confusion among the aged. 142 93

Alzheimer's disease is an extremely prevalent illness that has been more clearly understood in recent years. Although its cause is unknown, it is in some cases genetically transmissable. Symptoms include forgetfulness, memory loss, and confusion early in the illness and culminate in loss of personality and total cognitive degeneration. Diagnosis can be made with certainty only at autopsy, but the clinician must carefully eliminate treatable and partially treatable illnesses that present as dementia. A deficit of choline acetyltransferase seems specific to the disease and has been correlated to the neuropathologic changes in brains of patients with AD as well as to clinical symptomatology. While pharmacologic treatment strategies have attempted to increase brain acetylcholine function, they have not been clinically successful to date. Antipsychotic agents remain the treatment of choice for many AD patients, although helping the family care for such patients may be the most valuable service the physician can provide.
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PMID:Alzheimer's disease. 286 31

The Benign Senescent Forgetfulness of normal aging and the Malignant Memory Loss of Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer Type (SDAT) each have a distinct symptomatology, course, and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the discriminative validity and relative predictive values of recall and recognition as diagnostic screening tests for the Malignant Memory Loss of SDAT. Thirty-six patients with mild to moderate SDAT and 40 normal aged controls were studied. Both recall and recognition showed good discriminative validity. However, analysis of recall and recognition by Bayes's Theorem revealed the relative predictive values as diagnostic screening instruments were 11% and 100% respectively. Thus, it was concluded that while both recall and recognition have discriminative validity under experimental conditions, a test of recognition is the preferred diagnostic instrument when screening for the Malignant Memory Loss of SDAT.
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PMID:Recall and recognition as diagnostic indices of Malignant Memory Loss in Senile Dementia: a Bayesian analysis. 716 79

This article, basing on experimental analysis and clinical observations, focuses on the role of subcortical structures in memory processes. It explained terminological problems and defined terms of memory: immediate, delayed, recent, remote, declarative and procedural. The present article pointed out functional hemispheric specialization as a predicator of material-specific forms of memory. Neuroanatomical basis was revealed, especially limbic system with its connections to prefrontal, cortical and brain stem regions. Amnesic Korsakoff and Wernicke syndromes, transient global amnesia, memory loss after bilateral damage of temporal lobes and after anterior communicating artery aneurysm rupture, were also discussed. Next part exhibited current knowledge about definition of dementia which may be caused by many multi-focal brain diseases like multiinfarct (vascular) dementia, Parkinson disease, Huntington disease, and sclerosis multiplex, and compared to Alzheimer disease. Term of dementia was defined, according to Cummings and Benson, as syndrome of acquired intellectual dysfunction when three of the following mental functions are impaired: language, memory, visuospatial skills, emotion, and cognition (abstraction, calculation, judgement). There is little doubt that various subcortical diseases are characterised by similar, no specific dysfunctions of cognitive processes including: disturbed attention and concentration, slowness of mental processing, forgetfulness, personality alterations and mood disturbances as well as motivational impairment, visuospatial disturbances, absence of symptoms of cortical dysfunction such as aphasia, agnosia and apraxia and associated motor disorder. Review of the literature suggests that rapid forgetting and retrieval deficits are most often symptoms of memory deficits observed after subcortical brain injuries.
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PMID:[Neuropsychological description of memory impairment following cortical and subcortical brain injuries]. 756 22

Over the next year, additional persons in Maryland may be at risk for exposure of toxic Pfiesteria or morphologically related organisms. These persons may present with a variety of memory and other behavioral complaints. This paper examines the kinds of complaints that persons with a documented Pfiesteria-related syndrome have compared to a nonexposed control group. The exposed group was more likely to report difficulties with concentration, forgetfulness, prospective memory, and information overload as well as feelings of confusion, bewilderment, and uncertainty as direct effects of toxin exposure. The exposed group was also more likely to report feeling uneasy, on edge, nervous, and shaky, which is probably a reaction to their newly acquired cognitive deficits and uncertainty about their recovery. In contrast, retrograde memory loss, disturbances of language or social behavior, depression, anger, hostility, or diminished activity levels are not symptoms that exposed persons are likely to report.
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PMID:Neurobehavioral complaints of symptomatic persons exposed to Pfiesteria piscicida or morphologically related organisms. 960 Nov 98

Psychogenic (dissociative) amnesia is a psychiatric disorder characterised by a sudden loss of memory which is too extensive to be explained by ordinary forgetfulness, but which has no organic disease or explanation. Psychogenic amnesia is categorised among the dissociative disorders in DSM-IV and ICD-10 and begins suddenly, usually after severe psychosocial stress. The prognosis is good with complete recovery, and there is seldom relapse. This article describes a man, 45 years of age, who developed severe depression and amnesia following a very troublesome divorce. He did not talk, he communicated by signs and gestures, and he isolated himself in his mother's home. After being admitted to a psychiatric ward he became anorectic and developed erosive eoesophagitis/gastroduodenitis. Initially he was given perfenazin (Trilafon) 24 mg/day. The psychiatric treatment produced no results for the first three weeks, but the patient gradually recovered when the therapist and the patient recapitulated the conflicts associated with the divorce, using documents from the patient's lawyer as a guide. This method is called "therapeutic anamnesis" and is similar in many ways to psychiatric treatment of post-traumatic stress reactions.
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PMID:[Treatment of patients with psychogenic amnesia with the help of therapeutic anamnesis]. 983 Mar 45

Between July 1996 and December 1997 telephone helpline staff from the Alzheimer's Disease Society (ADS) in London, and six participating ADS regions in England and one in Northern Ireland, documented calls from people with dementia who contacted the service. Each call was recorded as soon as practicable after its completion on a Dementia Information and Advice Line (DIAL) log form (DIAL-log). Sixty-four calls were recorded in this way and 62 completed DIAL-logs were included in the study findings. Analysis of the data was undertaken via SPSS 6.1 for Windows. This article, the first of two, introduces the background to the study and notes that callers reported memory loss and forgetfulness as the most frequently noticed first signs of dementia. The study aims and limitations are also outlined in this first article. The second article will detail the main findings and the challenges that the DIAL-log study may provide for future dementia care practice and research.
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PMID:The DIAL-log study 1: Profiling the experience of people with dementia. 1040 62

Clinical symptoms and self-reported health status in persons reporting multiple chemical sensitivities (MCS) are presented from a 9-year follow-up study. Eighteen (69%) subjects from a sample of 26 persons originally interviewed in 1988 were followed up in 1997 and given structured interviews and self-report questionnaires. In terms of psychiatric diagnosis, 15 (83%) met DSM-IV criteria for a lifetime mood disorder, 10 (56%) for a lifetime anxiety disorder, and 10 (56%) for a lifetime somatoform disorder. Seven (39%) of subjects met criteria for a personality disorder using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-IV. Self-report data from the Illness Behavior Questionnaire and Symptom Checklist-90-Revised show little change from 1988. The 10 most frequent complaints attributed to MCS were headache, memory loss, forgetfulness, sore throat, joint aches, trouble thinking, shortness of breath, back pain, muscle aches, and nausea. Global assessment showed that 2 (11%) had "remitted", 8 (45%) were "much" or "very much" improved, 6 (33%) were "improved", and 2 (11%) were "unchanged/worse". Mean scores on the SF-36 health survey showed that, compared to U.S. population means, subjects reported worse physical functioning, more bodily pain, worse general health, worse social functioning, and more emotional-role impairment; self-reported mental health was better than the U.S. population mean. All subjects maintained a belief that they had MCS; 16 (89%) acknowledged that the diagnosis was controversial. It is concluded that the subjects remain strongly committed to their diagnosis of MCS. Most have improved since their original interview, but many remain symptomatic and continue to report ongoing lifestyle changes.
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PMID:The Iowa follow-up of chemically sensitive persons. 1200 35

The purpose of this study was to identify the major problems and associated feelings experienced by family caregivers of stroke survivors during the first month after returning home. Safety, difficulty in managing activities of daily living, and cognitive, behavioral and emotional changes of stroke survivors (for example, mood swings, lack of motivation, forgetfulness and memory loss, depression and calling the caregiver often) were the three most common problems experienced by caregivers during the first month. Other problems were loss of caregiver independence, confinement, tiredness and inadequate time to do caregiving tasks as well as managing stroke survivor physical symptoms, for example, pain, not eating and skin problems. The first month of caregiving is very dynamic and distressful for caregivers of stroke survivors and telephone contacts appear to be beneficial in assisting caregivers to cope with the caregiving process.
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PMID:Caregiving problems and feelings experienced by family caregivers of stroke survivors the first month after discharge. 1516 7


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