Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0751295 (memory loss)
 3,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The hypothalamus, in addition to regulating the anterior and posterior pituitary, controls water balance through thirst, regulates food ingestion and body temperature, influences consciousness, sleep, emotion and other behaviors. Much has been learned of these effects in human disease through the clinical manifestations that occur with hypothalamic lesions. This study reviews the clinical pathologic correlations that have been made in recent years showing that regions of the hypothalamus exert functions in humans that are similar to those identified in experimental animals. Clinical pathologic correlations have not always provided precise analysis of hypothalamic function. The hypothalamus is small and often lesions that come to clinical attention achieve considerable size before their recognition, making local anatomic dissections of the effects of the lesions difficult. Nevertheless, the use of modern non-invasive techniques including CT scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have provided new information not previously available. This paper reviews several cases of hypothalamic disorder recognized recently. (1) A 33-year-old black man with hypothalamic sarcoidosis. Manifestations of hypothalamic dysfunction included panhypopituitarism, aggressive hyperphagia, polydipsia (partially due to hyperglycemia secondary to diabetes mellitus), drowsiness, depression, and irritability. (2) A 37-year-old woman with a large intrahypothalamic tumor (biopsy showed pituitary adenoma), with drowsiness, poikilothermia, lack of satiety, confusion, and memory loss. She becomes depressed when she is transiently more alert (as after hypertonic contrast-dye infusion). (3) A 60-year-old man with hypothalamic compression by a pituitary tumor, associated with syndrome of inappropriate ADH (SIADH), severe anorexia, memory loss, but preserved thirst. After surgical decompression of the tumor his appetite acutely recovered, but he developed severe hypo(poikilo)thermia. (4) A 45-year-old woman with a suprasellar craniopharyngioma presented with severe drowsiness, hyperphagia, depression, and memory loss post-operatively, which responded to antidepressants (except for the memory loss). She had extremely labile blood pressures and serum Na for about 1 week post-operatively.
 ...
PMID:Neurologic manifestations of hypothalamic disease. 148 Jul 55

Insomnia, a common complaint among the elderly, is generally treated with benzodiazepines. Long-acting benzodiazepines (e.g., flurazepam) often produce daytime somnolence and performance deficits, whereas short-acting drugs (e.g., triazolam) have been associated with marked rebound insomnia and anterograde memory loss. The authors designed a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of an intermediate-acting benzodiazepine, estazolam (e.g., ProSom), as well as its side effects. The parameters studied were sleep, daytime performance, and memory. Ten geriatric patients (greater than 60 years of age) with insomnia participated in the study. They received placebo nightly for 2 weeks (baseline), estazolam 1 mg nightly for the next 4 weeks (treatment phase), and placebo again for 2 weeks (withdrawal period). Sleep was monitored by polysomnography the first two nights of each week in a sleep laboratory. Estazolam significantly decreased sleep latency, nocturnal awakenings, and wake time after sleep onset. Total sleep time increased an average of 63 minutes the first night of treatment. Significant improvements in wake time after sleep onset and total sleep time also were observed in the fourth week of estazolam treatment. Rebound insomnia occurred on the first withdrawal night only for wake time and total sleep time. By the next night, these sleep parameters returned to baseline. Neither day-time performance nor anterograde memory was adversely affected by estazolam treatment or its withdrawal. A 1-mg dose of estazolam appears to be a safe and effective hypnotic for elderly patients with insomnia.
 ...
PMID:The effects of estazolam on sleep, performance, and memory: a long-term sleep laboratory study of elderly insomniacs. 164 5

Neurologic manifestations, afflicting up to 70% of SLE patients, include psychosis, seizures, chorea, neuropathies, and stroke. MRI is useful in evaluation of lupus patients and several reports have documented cerebral atrophy or focal hyperintensities. We report an unusual MRI appearance in a 56-year-old woman with SLE, diagnosed on the basis of pleuritis, lymphopenia, anti-DNA antibodies, and neurologic involvement. She reported recent onset of Raynaud's phenomenon and generalized macular rash. She presented after two months of gradual deterioration with memory loss, flattened affect, dysphagia, dysarthria, anomia, and somnolence, without focal neurologic signs. Investigations included elevated ESR, reduced complement, normal CSF without oligoclonal bands, negative viral serology, normal hormone and vitamin levels, normal renal and hepatic function. Neuropsychologic testing showed widespread impairment (WAIS-R: FSIQ-63; WMS-69; DRS-98; RCPM-14; WAB AQ-78.8). CT was normal but MRI showed strikingly symmetric, confluent hyperintensities extensively involving cerebral and cerebellar white matter on T1 and T2 weighted scans. Basal ganglia and subependymal and subcortical white matter were spared. Treated with prednisone, the patient made a gradual, but incomplete, recovery. These MRI findings may reflect widespread vasculopathy or direct immunologic brain insult with or without immunologic blood-brain barrier disruption.
 ...
PMID:Dementia with leukoencephalopathy in systemic lupus erythematosus. 191 71

During the years 1966-1976, 875 patients with bacterial meningitis were treated at the Department of Infectious Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Denmark. In late 1979 and early 1980 a survey by questionnaire was conducted among survivors concerning the impact of the disease. Replies were received from 667 patients (96.4 per cent). The most common complaints after meningitis were headache (32 per cent) inability to concentrate (31 per cent), altered working capability (33 per cent) and loss of memory (24 per cent). Approximately 20 per cent suffered from impaired hearing, visual disturbances and dizziness. Five per cent had convulsions. Each questionnaire was evaluated for sequelae, and when present these were rated as mild, medium or severe. One-third of the patients had sequelae and in 6 per cent these were severe. Sequelae were most commonly associated with drowsiness, coma, agitation and confusion on admission to hospital.
 ...
PMID:Sequelae from bacterial meningitis and their relation to the clinical condition during acute illness, based on 667 questionnaire returns. Part II of a three part series. 660 3

In a plant producing vinyl chloride by the emulsion method 200 workers who were exposed to vinyl chloride for 1 to 25 yr (mean 14), 58 (i.e. 29%) were free of complaints and nervous disturbances. An astheno-autonomic syndrome was found in 54 (i.e. 27%) and in 88 (i.e. 44%) in combination with positive neurological findings, i.e. pyramidal syndromes (in 52), cerebellar disturbances (in 38), trigeminal neuropathy (in 24) and extrapyramidal symptoms (in 3), in various combinations - pyramidal + cerebellar in 12, trigeminal + pyramidal in 7, trigeminal + cerebellar in 5. Headaches (48%), nervousness (26%), decrease in physical strength (16%), loss of memory (14%), sleeping disturbances and somnolence were the most frequent complaints. Scleroderma-like skin changes were found in ten subjects, but only six of them had any neurological disturbances. Occupational exposure to vinyl chloride was lower in workers without neurological findings. Frequency of the arterial hypertension was the same in both groups, whereas acroparesthesias, Raynaud's syndrome, and increased gamma GTP serum activity were significantly more frequent in workers with neurological disturbances. Sixty-two per cent of the neurologically positive group and only 24% of the negative group reported euphoric or narcotic states after exposure. This probably indicates episodic exposures to high concentrations of vinyl chloride. This difference points to a possibility that neurological disturbances may be related to short exposures to peak concentrations. The neurological injury may be both a direct neurotoxic effect of vinyl chloride and secondary to vascular disorders.
 ...
PMID:Vinyl chloride disease-neurological disturbances. 662 5

Humans spend one-third of their lives sleeping, yet the role of this phase of the circadian rhythm is not clear. Theories postulating the purpose of sleep include the restorative theory and the humeral theory. Both theories have identified weaknesses. What is known is that chronic disruption of sleep and/or sleep deprivation causes significant physiological and psychological symptoms. These include fatigue, lethargy and daytime somnolence accompanied by irritability, memory loss, decrease in judgment and paranoia. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) imposes another, more life-threatening dimension for the client.
 ...
PMID:Obstructive sleep apnea. 798 95

During an epidemic of dengue type 2 virus in the rural community of Charters Towers, North Queensland, Australia, in 1993, 210 cases presented to the local hospital with signs and symptoms of classic dengue fever. Two cases were noteworthy because of neurologic complications, which included drowsiness, short term memory loss, agitation, and seizure. The cases are presented in detail because they are the first cases of dengue-associated encephalopathy to be documented in Australia. An increasing number of cases of encephalopathy associated with classic dengue fever is being reported world wide, but the etiology of this clinical syndrome remains unknown.
 ...
PMID:Dengue fever with encephalopathy in Australia. 860 Jul 60

Legionella is a frequent etiologic agent in the development of both nosocomial and community acquired pneumonias. Involvement of the nervous system is common in Legionella infections. We present a case of Legionnaires' disease which illustrates distinctive neurologic findings including delirium and cerebellar dysfunction. Furthermore, this paper reviews the neurological and psychiatric features of 609 Legionella infected patients with involvement of the nervous system. The most common signs were disorientation (58%), headache (52.4%), and somnolence (39.7%). Less frequent or rare were: cerebellar dysfunction (11.2%), hallucinations (8.4%), agitation or stupor (4.1%), affective disorders (3.1%), peripheral neuropathy (2.8%), pyramidal disturbances (2.1%), memory loss (1.6%), seizures (1.5%), cranial nerve palsies (1.5%), incontinence (0.7%), and extrapyramidal disturbances (0.3%). Cranial CT scans, cerebrospinal fluid findings, and nerve and muscle biopsies were usually unremarkable. Neuropathologic examinations failed to demonstrate specific characteristics. Hyponatremia and serum CPK level elevation were present in up to 89% and 50% of patients, respectively. Prognosis of disturbances of the nervous system was mainly good. We conclude that in the presence of definite neurological findings, pulmonary infection, hyponatremia, and CPK elevation Legionella infection should be considered.
 ...
PMID:[Neurologic and psychiatric symptoms of legionella infection. Case report and overview of the clinical spectrum]. 927 65

A 32-year-old Japanese male in his second remission of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) received a matched unrelated donor bone marrow transplant (BMT) from the Japan Marrow Donor Program. On day +83, a bone marrow examination revealed 5.2% leukemic cells. Despite the cessation of cyclosporine, leukemic cells in the bone marrow increased to 18.4% on day +91. Treatment was started with interferon (IFN)-alpha-2b 3 x 10(6) U/body s.c. daily on day +92 and leukemic cells in the bone marrow disappeared completely. The toxicity of IFN-alpha treatment included leukoencephalopathy consisting of somnolence, disorientation, short-term memory loss, lack of coordination and ataxia, myelotoxicity requiring multiple platelet transfusions and exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) of oral cavity, skin and lung. Because of progressive GVHD, IFN-alpha was discontinued on day +124. On day +132, a bone marrow aspirate showed 6.4% leukemic cells. The patient died of progressive ALL on day +178. IFN-alpha may be useful for the treatment of leukemic relapse following BMT, although its toxicity is marked.
 ...
PMID:Interferon-alpha treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia relapse after unrelated bone marrow transplantation. 959 46

The fast ripening of fruits means they may contain various harmful properties. A commonly used agent in the ripening process is calcium carbide, a material most commonly used for welding purposes. Calcium carbide treatment of food is extremely hazardous because it contains traces of arsenic and phosphorous. Once dissolved in water, the carbide produces acetylene gas. Acetylene gas may affect the neurological system by inducing prolonged hypoxia. The findings are headache, dizziness, mood disturbances, sleepiness, mental confusion, memory loss, cerebral edema and seizures. We report the case of a previously healthy 5 year-old girl with no chronic disease history who was transferred to our Emergency Department with an 8-h history of coma and delirium. A careful history from her father revealed that the patient ate unripe dates treated with calcium carbide.
 ...
PMID:Calcium carbide poisoning via food in childhood. 1730 29


1 2 3 Next >>