Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0751295 (memory loss)
 3,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

D-Lactate-associated encephalopathy is a rare clinical syndrome characterized by dizziness, ataxia, confusion, headaches, memory loss, lethargy, and aggressiveness which may progress to frank but reversible coma. It occurs in patients with profound dysfunction of the short-bowel syndrome and is believed to result from massive carbohydrate malabsorption with resultant over-production of D-lactate and other organic anions by the colonic flora. Extremely elevated serum levels of D-lactate (but not L-lactate) confirm the diagnosis, but currently D-lactate is not clearly established as the putative neurotoxin. We describe a patient who repeatedly developed D-lactate encephalopathy after surgical removal of nearly the entire jejunum and ileum. Markedly elevated D-lactate serum levels were documented during an encephalopathic episode. Potential pathophysiologic mechanisms and the treatment rationale are discussed.
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PMID:D-lactate-associated encephalopathy after massive small-bowel resection. 276 Apr 34

The neuropsychological characteristics of a patient with a bilateral thalamic infarct in the posterior communicating artery territory due to basilar artery thrombosis are described. MRI examination showed bilateral thalamic acute ischemic lesions in the zone anterior to the tuberothalamic branches. In the cognitive exploration, the patient showed verbal and visual memory disorders, impairment of the executive functions including inability to generate and make decisions and behavioural disorders including lack of inhibition, euphoria, and occasional aggressiveness. Two months later the patient had improved in the neuropsychological test scores but still suffered from severe recent memory loss, and certain behavioural disorders including lack of inhibition and euphoria. Other cases on thalamic infarcts with cognitive and behavioural impairments due to disconnection of the front subcortical pathways have been described in the literature.
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PMID:[Neuropsychological and behavioural impairments resulting from bilateral thalamic infarct]. 1450 51

Alzheimer's disease (AD), considered the most common type of dementia, is characterized by a progressive loss of memory, visuospatial, language and complex cognitive abilities. In addition, patients often show comorbid depression and aggressiveness. Aging is the major factor contributing to AD; however, the initial cause that triggers the disease is yet unknown. Scientific evidence demonstrates that AD, especially the late onset of AD, is not the result of a single event, but rather it appears because of a combination of risk elements with the lack of protective ones. A major risk factor underlying the disease is neuroinflammation, which can be activated by different situations, including chronic pathogenic infections, prolonged stress and metabolic syndrome. Consequently, many therapeutic strategies against AD have been designed to reduce neuro-inflammation, with very promising results improving cognitive function in preclinical models of the disease. The literature is massive; thus, in this review we will revise the translational evidence of these early strategies focusing in anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory molecules and discuss their therapeutic application in humans. Furthermore, we review the preclinical and clinical data of nutraceutical application against AD symptoms. Finally, we introduce new players underlying neuroinflammation in AD: the activity of the endocannabinoid system and the intestinal microbiota as neuroprotectors. This review highlights the importance of a broad multimodal approach to treat successfully the neuroinflammation underlying AD.
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PMID:Can We Treat Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease? 3322 79