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Query: UMLS:C0751295 (memory loss)
 3,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We examined the relationship between memory impairment and functional disability in multiple sclerosis. Tests of memory, sensorimotor ability, and functional capacity were administered to fifty-six subjects with chronic-progressive or remitting-relapsing MS. Sensorimotor impairment, functional disability, and chronicity predicted impairment on various measures of memory acquisition, while age and type of diagnosis did not. After accounting for the effects of initial acquisition, delayed-recall performance was weakly-associated with disability. We suggest that: (1) Functional disability is associated with memory loss in MS; (2) MS-forgetting is caused by defective acquisition, rather by a deficit in consolidation or storage; (3) Level of disease activity, rather than type of MS diagnosis, determines the degree of memory impairment; and (4) MS disability needs to be evaluated multidimensionally, to account for both neurologic and functional impairment.
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PMID:The relationship between disability and memory dysfunction in multiple sclerosis. 134 11

Benzodiazepines, shown to affect memory, can produce anterograde amnesia (i.e., a loss of memory for events occurring forward in time). Following the ingestion of a benzodiazepine, short-term memory is not affected, but long-term memory is impaired. The memory loss may occur because events are not transferred from short-term memory to long-term memory and thus not consolidated into memory storage. Information stored prior to the ingestion of a benzodiazepine is not affected. Memory impairment is more likely in benzodiazepines that have a high benzodiazepine-receptor affinity, that accumulate in the body, that are given in high doses or intravenously, or that are eliminated slowly. Individuals taking benzodiazepines are often unaware of their memory impairment unless it is pointed out to them. Elderly clients experiencing memory impairment may be embarrassed to mention the problem. Alternatives to prescribing benzodiazepines include antidepressant medications, exercise or psychotherapy. When prescribing a benzodiazepine, it is important to fully inform patients of the drug's potential side effects and to maintain the lowest effective dose for the shortest period of time.
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PMID:Anterograde amnesia linked to benzodiazepines. 809 35

Effects of exposure to halothane on memory processing was studied using single-trial inhibitory avoidance learning to measure retention. Mice were anesthetized with halothane either before training, immediately after training, or both before training and before testing. Results showed that memory was not impaired by posttraining halothane exposure, indicating that the anesthetic does not cause retrograde amnesia. Mice trained after recovery from halothane showed a robust memory loss 24 h later. This deficit could be alleviated by reexposure to the anesthetic before the retention test. Mice given multiple training trials following recovery from the anesthetic showed a normal rate of learning when compared with controls, but deficient retention. This indicates that the performance deficit was the result of impaired retention (anterograde amnesia) rather than disrupted acquisition. Anterograde amnesia occurred when training was delayed up to 2 h after recovery from anesthesia. These findings indicate that the memory impairment following halothane anesthesia is the result of a state-dependent retrieval failure.
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PMID:Halothane anesthesia causes state-dependent retrieval failure in mice. 140 4

We describe a patient who developed a severe loss of memory following intravenous feeding and intestinal surgery. The pattern of both anterograde and retrograde memory impairment and frontal pathology is shown to be comparable with that observed in patients with Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome of an alcoholic etiology. The data strengthen the view that the essential characteristics of the Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome are not dependent on a prior history of chronic alcoholism. Implications of these data for the interpretation of alcoholic Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome are considered.
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PMID:Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome of nonalcoholic origin. 190 Dec 11

We treated 149 patients meeting criteria for age-associated memory impairment (AAMI) for 12 weeks with a formulation of phosphatidylserine (100 mg BC-PS tid) or placebo. Patients treated with the drug improved relative to those treated with placebo on performance tests related to learning and memory tasks of daily life. Analysis of clinical subgroups suggested that persons within the sample who performed at a relatively low level prior to treatment were most likely to respond to BC-PS. Within this subgroup, there was improvement on both computerized and standard neuropsychological performance tests, and also on clinical global ratings of improvement. The results suggest that the compound may be a promising candidate for treating memory loss in later life.
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PMID:Effects of phosphatidylserine in age-associated memory impairment. 202 77

This paper examines three methodological issues concerning the measurement of semantic memory impairment in brain-damaged patients. Ten carefully selected patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) and anomia were studied. A battery of perceptual tests and direct tests of semantic memory led to the conclusion that these patients represented a homogeneous group having a prominent deterioration of their semantic memory store without visual perceptual deficits. The first issue addressed in this patient group was whether verbal fluency impairment accurately reflected the loss of semantic memory. It was found that verbal fluency (generation of semantic category lists) was impaired due to two major constraints: deterioration of semantic memory store, and variable difficulties in semantic search. Verbal fluency, therefore, reflects semantic memory loss to some degree, but is not a direct test of semantic memory store in DAT. The second issue was whether semantic memory impairment in our patients conformed to the 'semantic storage disorder' syndrome hypothesized by Shallice (1987). It was shown that, consistent with this hypothesis, the patients demonstrated co-occurrence of consistency of errors, loss of semantic cueing, and preserved superordinate knowledge with loss of detailed knowledge of concept items. The third issue was whether semantic cueing and semantic priming are altered in a similar manner in DAT. It demonstrated that semantic cueing and semantic priming, using the same words whose concepts were degraded in semantic memory, yielded an entirely different pattern of results. Cueing and priming therefore may not be used interchangeably in the study of semantic loss after brain damage.
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PMID:Semantic memory loss in dementia of Alzheimer's type. What do various measures measure? 232 10

Memory loss is a common feature of aging in the human but not all memories are equally lost. Usually the loss is more severe for the memory of recent events and information rather than the memory of remote events and information. Associated with memory losses of this type is a reduction in levels of cortical acetylcholine and a loss of cholinergic cells of the nucleus basalis magnocellularis. In the rat it is possible to assess two types of memory analogous to recent and remote memories in humans. Reference memory would refer to information concerning the task that is invariant from trial to trial. Working memory would refer to information that changes from trial to trial. In support of the hypothesis that decreases in cholinergic function lead to a differential impairment of working memory, rats trained in this task and given scopolamine showed a specific increase in working memory errors. In more recent studies rats have been trained in a task and then given unilateral neurotoxic lesions of the NBM. These results raise the intriguing possibility that degeneration of the NBM and associated memory impairment seen in aging and in Alzheimer's disease may be related to a change in the ratio of these or related endogenous tryptophan metabolites.
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PMID:Animal studies of brain acetylcholine and memory. 256 16

A 40-yr-old woman, K.S., is reported, who shows a severe loss of memory for people following a history of epilepsy and right anterior temporal lobectomy. Despite this memory problem, K.S. is not clinically amnesic, has a Memory Quotient of 122 on the Wechsler Memory Scale in line with her IQ of 119, and performs well on conventional tests of recognition and recall. She does not have a generalized semantic memory deficit for living things, but her deficit extends beyond people to include famous animals, buildings and product names. Autobiographical memory is good, except where memory for people is concerned. The nature of the memory store that is impaired in K.S. is discussed, as are the implications of her case for theories of the organization of long-term memory.
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PMID:Loss of memory for people following temporal lobe damage. 259 91

This study aimed to assess and compare the discriminative validity of two psychometric procedures which have been proposed to investigate memory losses in elderly. The first one relies on the use of the serial position curve paradigm in a test of immediate memory, the second one being a single recognition task. These two procedures were applied to the five following groups of subjects: 95 young-elderly normals, 33 elderly normals, 26 patients with mild senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT), 17 patients with moderate or moderately severe SDAT and 24 elderly depressed patients. Results from both psychometric procedures confirm the findings of previous studies and support the view that memory impairment associated with SDAT is qualitatively different from that observed in normal aging or in depression. They also suggest that memory loss in elderly depressed patients differs only quantitatively from that of normal controls. However the recognition task seems to have the best validity to qualitatively discriminate the patients with mild dementia from both the normal controls and the elderly depressed patients.
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PMID:Psychometric procedures for analysis of memory losses in the elderly. 275 30

Memory loss associated with normal aging is frequently confused with dementia. Self-perceived memory loss can lead to social withdrawal, which can contribute to an ongoing pattern of memory impairment. Memory instruction utilizing mnemonic techniques can lead to improvement in both memory and self-esteem in the elderly. A simple, four-session mnemonics instruction program can provide an effective intervention to assist older persons in coping with memory problems.
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PMID:Remember when...? Using mnemonics to boost memory in the elderly. 276 Apr 18


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