Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0751295 (memory loss)
 3,619 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Both patients 1 and 2 were males 73 and 77 years old, respectively, and over the past several years, both had gradually developed progressive loss of vigor, paucity speech, personality changes, and anosognosia, in addition to memory loss and disorientation. Patient 1 experienced emotional lability, mild pyramidal signs and parkinsonian features. The various diseases causing secondary dementia were ruled out. The Mini Mental Scale scores were 13 and 21, respectively. Brain CT scans and MRI showed cerebral atrophy, most prominent in the frontal and the temporal lobes. There were few lesions suggestive of cerebrovascular disease. The EEGs showed nonspecific diffuse slowing, and the cerebrospinal fluid was normal. 123I-amphetamine SPECT, which provided the most valuable diagnostic findings in these two cases, demonstrated selective hypoperfusion of the frontal and the temporal lobes in both patients. Frontal lobe dementia of the non-Alzheimer type (Gustafson, Neary), progressive subcortical gliosis (Neumann), Pick's disease, and Alzheimer's disease with frontal lobe predominance were considered the most likely of the various diseases causing frontal lobe dementia. The usefulness of SPECT in diagnosing and elucidating the pathophysiology of dementia are discussed.
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PMID:[Frontal lobe dementia--two cases diagnosed by SPECT]. 812 6

This study investigated the relationship between measures of frontal lobe functioning (FLF) and verbal memory performance among healthy, community-dwelling older adults (60-85 years old). All were administered measures of FLF, attention, verbal memory, and depression. After controlling for the effects of attention and depression, FLF accounted for significant amounts of the variance in verbal memory scores. Age related to the FLF measure according to the level of organization of verbal material to be recalled. Frontal lobe functioning and performance on an attention measure explained the greatest amount of the variance in the recall of unorganized verbal material, whereas age and attention abilities were the best predictors of the recall of organized verbal material. The data indicate a central role of frontal dysfunction in understanding age-related memory loss.
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PMID:Decline in verbal memory performance with advancing age: the role of frontal lobe functioning. 1221 99

Autobiographical memory paradigms have been increasingly used to study the behavioral and neuroanatomical correlates of human remote memory. Although there are numerous functional neuroimaging studies on this topic, relatively few studies of patient samples exist, with heterogeneity of results owing to methodological variability. In this study, fronto-temporal lobar degeneration (FTLD), a form of dementia affecting regions crucial to autobiographical memory, was used as a model of autobiographical memory loss. We emphasized the separation of episodic (recollection of specific event, perceptual, and mental state information) from semantic (factual information unspecific in time and place) autobiographical memory, derived from a reliable method for scoring transcribed autobiographical protocols, the Autobiographical Interview [Levine, B., Svoboda, E., Hay, J., Winocur, G., & Moscovitch, M. Aging and autobiographical memory: Dissociating episodic from semantic retrieval. Psychology and Aging, 17, 677-689, 2002]. Patients with the fronto-temporal dementia (FTD) and mixed fronto-temporal and semantic dementia (FTD/SD) variants of FTLD were impaired at reconstructing episodically rich autobiographical memories across the lifespan, with FTD/SD patients generating an excess of generic semantic autobiographical information. Patients with progressive nonfluent aphasia were mildly impaired for episodic autobiographical memory, but this impairment was eliminated with the provision of structured cueing, likely reflecting relatively intact medial-temporal lobe function, whereas the same cueing failed to bolster the FTD and FTD/SD patients' performance relative to that of matched comparison subjects. The pattern of episodic, but not semantic, autobiographical impairment was enhanced with disease progression on 1- to 2-year follow-up testing in a subset of patients, supplementing the cross-sectional evidence for specificity of episodic autobiographical impairment with longitudinal data. This behavioral pattern covaried with volume loss in a distributed left-lateralized posterior network centered on the temporal lobe, consistent with evidence from other patient and functional neuroimaging studies of autobiographical memory. Frontal lobe volumes, however, did not significantly contribute to this network, suggesting that frontal contributions to autobiographical episodic memory may be more complex than previously appreciated.
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PMID:Autobiographical memory and patterns of brain atrophy in frontotemporal lobar degeneration. 1837 Jun 1