Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0745411 (irregular bleeding)
 386 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A multicenter randomized double-blind trial was conducted to compare 55 women using Loestrin-20 (20 ug ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate) as an oral contraceptive with a like number of women using Microgynon-30 (30 ug ethinyl estradiol and 150 ug levonorgestrel). 7 family planning clinics agreed to collaborate in the trial and enrollment of patients which began in November 1974. The number of participating clinics was increased to 12 at a later date. 133 patients were recruited between November 1974 and September 1976. 23 were excluded from the analysis. 55 of the remaining 110 patients were admitted to each of the 2 treatment groups. It was found that women who used Loestrin-20 discontinued treatment because of abnormal bleeding more frequently that women using Microgynon-30, but that the discontinuation rates for other reasons were closely similar in the 2 treatment groups. Of the 13 women who stopped using Loestrin-20 because of abnormal bleeding, 6 complained of oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea while the other 7 complained of irregular bleeding. Of the 2 women who stopped using Microgynon-30 because of bleeding problems, 1 complained that the bleeding was irregular and the other that it was prolonged. Although the sample size is small, Loestrin-20 clearly provides poor cycle control and consequently is less acceptable than Microgynon-30. Loestrin-20 may be less effective than Microgynon-30, but the difference in the accidental pregnacy rates is not statistically significant.
 ...
PMID:A randomized double-blind trial of two low dose combined oral contraceptives. 37 92

Silastic implants containing the progestin, levonorgestrel, were tested as long-term contraceptives in 101 women. After three full years of exposure and 2,998 woman-months of use, no pregnancies had occurred. The continuation rates were 87% at 12 months, 79% at 24 months and 66% at 36 months. The most important side effect was excessive or irregular bleeding during the first year. No treatment was offered for this side effect other than vitamins and iron or change of method, with the exception of 3 cases where ethinyl estradiol was used one time for 2 weeks each. Bleeding disturbances led 8 patients to ask for removal of implants. Other side effects were headache, acne and lower abdominal pain. Blood and urine analysis tested 17 different parameters and all but plasma cortisol remained within normal limits throughout the study. A general tendency toward lowered cortisol values was observed and two subjects had more than one value below the normal limit for the population during the study. Glucose tolerance tests during the second year were abnormal in two women with familial diabetes but they returned to normal values spontaneously at the next test. It is concluded that levonorgestrel implants offer effective protection against pregnancy during the first three years of continuous use. Their acceptability and few side effects justify larger trials, especially if treatment of bleeding irregularities is introduced.
 ...
PMID:A three-year clinical trial with levonorgestrel silastic implants. 38 43

Ovamin 30, a new low-dose oral contraceptive (OC) containing 30 mcg of ethinyl estradiol and 2 mg of ethynodiol diacetate, was evaluated for efficacy and acceptability in a group of women (504 patients; 3236 woman months of use) requesting OCs from their general practitioner. 39 patients withdrew from the study because of side effects which could reasonably be associated with the pill (excessive/irregular bleeding, amenorrhea, depression/headache, and breast discomfort/weight gain), and only 18 of these were menstrual disorders. 12 patients withdrew from the trial to conceive. 1 involuntary pregnancy occurred, and 58 patients were lost to follow-up. An early establishment of acceptable bleeding cycles was maintained in later cycles. The pregnancy rate for this preparation by the Pearl Index was .4/100 woman years with 95% confidence limits of .01-2.24. Ovamin 30 appeared to be an effective and well tolerated low-estrogen OC, and further studies may determine whether side effects are reduced with 30-mcg products as opposed to those containing 50 mcg of estrogen.
 ...
PMID:An open assessment of a new low dose oestrogen combined oral contraceptive. 62 4

Multicenter clinical trial of Ovoresta M, a low-dose combined oral contraceptive containing 0.75 mg lynestrenol and 0,0375 mg ethinyl estradiol, is reported. The trial included 150 women (2,541 treatment cycles). No pregnancies were observed in the group. Bleeding was seen in 95.1% of all treatment cycles between 2-6 days after the last pill was taken, and was not materially different from normal menstruation in 89.3% of cases. Irregular bleeding occurred in 8.1% of cycles. Other side effects included nausea and vomiting, headache, breast fullness, leg circulatory complaints, infections, nervousness, and depression; 140 patients had no previous treatment with oral contraceptives. 2 patients Dropouts included 3 patients who desired to become pregnant, 2 because of irregular bleeding, and 3 others for other reasons. Because of the low dosage of active ingredients the authors consider Ovoresta M a welcome supplement to existing oral contraceptives.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical aspects of a new, very low dose combination contraceptive]. 63 15

A study was carried out in 9 women volunteers to investigate the central and peripheral effects of a low-dosage oral contraceptive combination of .75 mg lynestrenol plus .0375 mg ethinyl estradiol given for 22 days per cycle over a period of 6 cycles. The results of assessments of a number of hormonal, vaginal, and cervical parameters showed that this combination has a 2-fold effect: a central effect on the pituitary and a peripheral effect on the ovaries and on endometrial development. The findings of an effect on cervical mucus, as with higher dose combinations, were not sufficiently consistent to warrant a claim for a cervical barrier. The preparation appeared to be well tolerated but there was a high incidence of irregular bleeding in the 1st treatment cycle. In most of the women, however, this had corrected itself by the 2nd cycle.
 ...
PMID:The contraceptive effects of a new low-dose combination type oral contraceptive. 65 28

Estrogen treatment is indicated in cases of climacteric afflictions, which occur in 50-80% of the women in various studies, and in cases where symptoms of lack of estrogen become apparent. Climacteric afflictions such as vasomotor symptoms and psychic symptoms can be treated with estrogen, while irregular bleeding is best treated with combined estrogen and progestagen treatments. Symptoms of lack of estrogen, such as vulvitis, vaginitis, changes in blood lipids, etc., can be treated with estrogens, while osteoporosis is best treated with ethinyl estradiol. Hepatic illness, porphyria, deep venal thrombosis, cerebrovascular illness, and estrogen-sensitive cancer are contraindications to estrogen therapy. Women receiving estrogen treatment live longer by about 4 years, according to some studies, and have a lower average cancer rate than those who do not take estrogen therapy. Estrogen treatment should only be given after a complete gynecologic examination with periodic cytologic and blood pressure check-ups.
 ...
PMID:[Hormone treatment in estrogen deficiency can be as natural as insulin in diabetes]. 86 8

A trial involved 62 women for over 554 cycles during which time a new normophasic oral contraceptive, Fisioquens, was administered. The preparation was tested with particular reference to the following parameters: contraceptive reliability, cycle control, frequency of possible side effects, and drug tolerance. A treatment cycle consisted of 7 tablets of .05 mg ethinyl estradiol followed by 15 tablets of a combination .05 mg ethinyl estradiol and 1 mg lynestrenol. Pregnancies were absent and irregular bleeding occurred sporadically. Various side effects diminished during treatment. The number of dropouts which could probably be attributed to the preparation itself was 4 (6.4%). These data indicate that Fisioquens appears to be a reliable contraceptive with a minimum number of side effects.
 ...
PMID:A new oral contraceptive based on the normophasic method. 98 42

165 healthy women were treated during a total of 3281 cycles with Ne o-Lyndiol, 2.5 mg lynestrenol and .05 mg ethinyl estradiol. A treatment cycle consisted of 28 days, 6 of which are tablet free. The cycles were without pregnancies. The proportion of patients experiencing irregular bleeding and side effects was low, diminishing further with length of treatment. Duration of withdrawal bleeding showed a tendency to decrease. The dropout rate was 5.5% with an average of 20 completed cycles. Neo-Lyndiol was a reliable preparation, controlling the cycle well and causing few side effects.
 ...
PMID:A clinical impression of a combination-type contraceptive: Neo-Lyndiol. 116 3

A review of evidence with regard to efficacy, safety, and side effects of oral contraceptives shown differences related to the lowering of estrogen dosage. Ethinyl estradiol or its equivalent at 50 mcg has been the suggested dosage. When less thaq 50 mcg of estrogen is present the efficacy when combined with current progestagens reduces nearly twenty fold with evidence of a similar reduction in unwanted side effects. Increased safety of these preparations has yet to be clinically shown. A marked increase of irregular bleeding patterns in early cycles associated with a decline in patient acceptance has occurred.
 ...
PMID:The critical oestrogen content of combined oral contraceptives. 122 40

5-15 patients who were willing to undergo laboratory tests on given days of the menstrual cycle even without treatment for a whole month were selected for the investigation. From the 6th to 8th day of the cycle to the 23rd day blood was taken from the cubital vein 5-7 times, and the samples were processed. The gonadotropin peak meant the day of ovulation. Radioimmunoassay determined the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), prolactin, serum progesterone, and 17-beta-estradiol levels. Ovidon (.25 mg d-norgestrel and .05 mg ethinyl estradiol [EE] and Rigevidon (.15 mg d-norgestrel and .03 mg EE) were found the most suitable oral contraceptives (OCs). Anteovin is a biphasic OC with 11 white tablets (.05 mg levonorgestrel [LNG] and .05 mg EE) and with 10 pink tablets (.125 mg LNG and .95 mg EE). The Tri-Regol 3-phase OC contains a yellow tablet (.05 mg LNG and .03 mg EE), and amber color tablet (.075 mg LNG and .04 mc EE), and a white tablet (.125 mg LNG and .03 mc EE). Not a single instance of pregnancy was recorded with the use of mono-, bi-, and triphasic OCs, however, with the use of Continuin and Postinor the rate of pregnancy was 3.7/100 women/year and 1.2/100 women/year, respectively. The lowest level of side effects occurred with Ovidon and Tri-Regol. On the other hand, Continuin and Postinor did not prove reliable; they had frequent side effects such as irregular bleeding and extrauterine pregnancy (6.4%). With Ovidon and Rigevidon the serum progesterone level was 3-6 nmol/l both in the follicular and luteal phase, with Anteovin it was 1.5-2 nmol/l, and with Tri-Regol it was 4.8-6.5 nmol/l, but these values did not change compared with the control cycles. Serum prolactin increased significantly in Anteovin users and after 1 month of Tri-Regol use without hyperprolactinemia.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of oral ovulation inhibiting (mono-, bi- and triphase) contraceptives and of Continuin and Postinor on proteo- and steroid hormones]. 156 35


1 2 3 4 5 Next >>