Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0740577 (acute abdominal pain)
 1,982 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The results of a prospective study show the most common causes of acute abdominal pain, and the diagnostic role of sonography in such cases is evaluated. Sonography performs three significant functions: visualization of pathologically changed organs, identification of healthy organs, and ultrasound-guided puncture of intra-abdominal collections of fluid. Affections in the right upper quadrant can be best diagnosed sonographically. Edematous pancreatitis can be easily identified; interpretation is difficult, however, in the presence of necrosis and abscesses. Therefore, computed tomography is also necessary. Sonography can differentiate between a mechanical and a paralytic ileus, but radiological examination is still necessary. In inflammatory diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, sonography may be helpful for diagnosis. An aortic aneurysm can be easily identified, whereas mesenteric infarction cannot. In the future, however, the use of a duplex scan may help in recognizing this condition. Affections of the abdominal wall can be visualized well by using a high-frequency transducer.
 ...
PMID:Acute abdominal pain. Actual surgical aspects of sonography. 305 64

Intestinal motility is currently evaluated by means of clinical, radiologic and electromanometric methods. Of late, US has allowed to visualize the intestinal loops and their movements directly assessing wall patterns and endoluminal contents, as well as the degree of distension of the ileal loops; its diagnostic value is in fact well established in the study of such specific diseases of the GI tract as inflammatory conditions and neoplasms. On the contrary, the use of duplex-Doppler US to investigate bowel motility is quite new. We used duplex-Doppler US to evaluate intestinal peristalsis in 37 patients presenting with acute abdominal pain (15 patients with early mechanical obstruction; 13 patients with long-standing mechanical obstruction; 9 patients with paralytic ileus). In 29 patients the diagnosis was surgically confirmed; in 8 patients the diagnosis was established by means of other diagnostic techniques. The duplex-Doppler recordings showed typical patterns characterized by different degrees of signal intensity and frequency according to the type of obstruction (mechanical or paralytic ileus), to its duration (acute or long-standing), and to the site of Doppler sampling (proximal to or in the obstacle). As regards the correct identification of the cause of the obstruction, duplex-Doppler sensitivity and specificity were 85% and 100%, respectively. The positive predictive value was high (100%) whereas the negative predictive value was low (37.5%). Duplex-Doppler evaluation provides both qualitative and quantitative data about intestinal peristalsis, allowing true peristaltic movements to be discriminated from simple mixing movements of the bowel. The possibility to identify intestinal segments with different degrees of peristaltic activity seems very useful to detect the site of the obstacle in mechanical obstruction.
 ...
PMID:[Experimental use of duplex Doppler ultrasonography in the evaluation of intestinal motility in occlusive syndromes]. 775 19

A retrospective analysis of 224 patients was carried out to evaluate the outcome of elderly patients after operation for acute abdominal pain. The mean (+/- SD) age of the patients was 74.6 (+/- 6.4) years (range 65-96) and the male/female ratio was 104/120. The most common causes for an emergency operation were acute biliary disease (26%), acute appendicitis (18%), gastrointestinal cancer (11%) and incarcerated hernia (10%). Twenty-nine patients (13%) died during the one-month postoperative period. The most common causes of death were gastrointestinal cancer (24%), ischaemic heart disease (14%) and complicated peptic ulcer disease (14%). Ninety-two (41%) patients had non-lethal postoperative complications, the commonest of which were wound infection or dehiscence (28%), urinary tract infection (17%), and paralytic ileus (8%). Ten patients were reoperated on for postoperative complications. The mean hospitalization time was 12.5 days (range 1-99). The results in the analysis of the long-term outcome (mean follow-up time 21 months) revealed that 17% of the primarily survived patients had died. Living patients were satisfied with the treatment and only a few patients were institutionalised after surgery. We conclude that both the short-term and long-term outcome of elderly patients after an emergency abdominal operation is good in benign diseases, and active surgery is justified.
 ...
PMID:The outcome of elderly patients after operation for acute abdomen. 873 27

Three patients, two boys of 5 months and 6 years and one girl aged 4 years, presented with acute abdominal pain, vomiting and fever, suggesting peritonitis. Imaging examinations (abdominal survey roentgenogram and (or) echography), exploratory laparotomy (in two patients) and blood cultures with growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae led to the diagnosis of primary peritonitis. Intravenous antibiotics led to recovery, in one patient complicated by paralytic ileus, which was treated surgically. Primary peritonitis is a rare condition which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children with an acute abdominal syndrome. Conditions requiring surgery should be excluded by imaging examinations or laparotomy. When the diagnosis is confirmed by paracentesis or laparotomy, antibiotic treatment has to be started.
 ...
PMID:[Primary peritonitis due to Streptococcus pneumoniae in childhood]. 964 12

Ten children (4.6%) among a cohort of 219 with Kawasaki disease (KD) had their onset with severe abdominal complaints. Incomplete KD presentation at the time of acute abdomen was present in nine of 10 patients. Acute abdominal pain and distension, vomiting, hepatomegaly, and jaundice were the most common symptoms at onset. Hematemesis was present in one; toxic shock syndrome requiring care in the intensive care unit occurred in four. Five patients had laparotomy, three had percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage, and one had a gastrointestinal endoscopy. Postoperative diagnosis was gallbladder hydrops with cholestasis in five, paralytic ileus in three, appendicular vasculitis in one, and hemorrhagic duodenitis in one. All patients completely recovered, but 50% developed coronary aneurysms despite early intravenous gammaglobulin treatment. Acute surgical abdomen can be the presenting manifestation of KD. In older children with fever, rash, and acute abdominal pain or hematemesis, KD should be considered in the differential diagnosis.
 ...
PMID:Acute surgical abdomen as presenting manifestation of Kawasaki disease. 1283 7

In recent years the increasing use of ultrasonography and computed tomography in the assessment of diseases causing acute abdomen and the diagnostic possibilities of magnetic resonance have decreased the role of conventional radiology techniques, especially of plain abdominal film in the diagnosis of acute abdomen. However, serial plain abdominal film is still the first diagnostic procedure used in the assessment of patients with acute abdominal pain, providing important diagnostic information if correctly performed and carefully observed. In this paper serial plain abdominal film findings related to the different types of ileus (spastic ileus, hypotonic ileus, mechanical ileus and paralytic ileus) are presented.
 ...
PMID:Serial plain abdominal film findings in the assessment of acute abdomen: spastic ileus, hypotonic ileus, mechanical ileus and paralytic ileus. 1526 90

An 82 year old male patient presented with acute abdominal pain. Computer tomography revealed portomesenteric vein gas and a paralytic ileus due to an acute mesenteric ischemia. Because of the presence of peritoneal signs immediate surgical exploration was performed. The diagnosis of a non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia with bowel infarction was confirmed during surgery and pathologically. The patient survived without any severe consequences.
 ...
PMID:[An 82 year old patient with severe abdominal pain and air in the portal vein]. 1905 87

We retrospectively analyzed the medical history of 19 elderly myeloma patients treated with the "novel subcutaneous formulation of bortezomib." In our experience, two patients (10 %) discontinued treatment for paralytic ileus. The exact pathogenetic mechanisms of toxic megacolon and paralytic ileus due to "novel subcutaneous formulation of bortezomib" are unclear. Probably, it may be related to possible damage of the autonomic nerve fibers that control organ functions. Adequate prevention and management of the gastrointestinal (GI) toxicities with the use of fluid intake and prokinetic and laxative drugs (at least two types of agents in a suboptimal dose) especially in patients with risk factors for GI side effects (anti-myeloma novel agents, opioids or antiemetics, iron supplements, spinal and cord compression, immobility, history of constipation) can decrease the possibility of interruption of administration of drug and increase adherence to treatment. Clearly this complication must be borne in mind whenever a patient develops acute abdominal pain and distension.
 ...
PMID:Paralytic ileus following "subcutaneous bortezomib" therapy: focus on the clinical emergency-report of two cases. 2560 Jul