Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During a recent clinical trial of ciprofloxacin in the therapy of acute diarrhea, two subjects infected with Campylobacter jejuni who received ciprofloxacin failed microbiologically and one also failed clinically. Although both pretreatment isolates were susceptible to ciprofloxacin, the posttreatment isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (MIC = 32 micrograms/ml) and to other quinolones. The posttreatment isolates remained susceptible to nonquinolone antimicrobials. DNA gyrase holoenzyme was isolated from one of the resistant posttreatment isolates and was 8- to 16-fold less sensitive to inhibition by ciprofloxacin than was the gyrase from the paired pretreatment susceptible isolate. Ciprofloxacin accumulation was diminished in the two resistant posttreatment isolates. These results show that mutation in C. jejuni can occur in vivo and is associated with clinically significant resistance to the newer quinolones.
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PMID:High-level quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Campylobacter jejuni. 131 69

A case of acute diarrhoea caused by Aeromonas trota (formerly HG 13 group) in a Spanish child is reported. The strain was isolated in the faeces using the CIN agar (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin) culture media. The strain was initially identified as A sobria by the commercial GNI card and API 20E biochemical systems. The strain was, however, VogesProskauer and sucrose negative, so complementary tests of cellobiose fermentation and gluconate oxidation were performed. These tests, together with the strain susceptibility to ampicillin (MIC 1 microgram/ml) and carbenicillin (MIC < 16 micrograms/ml) led to the final identification of A trota. The microbiological characteristics of this new species and the principal tests required for its identification are presented. The isolation, for the first time, of A trota in the Mediterranean area confirms the suspected worldwide distribution of this species.
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PMID:Gastroenteritis caused by Aeromonas trota in a child. 865 89

We examined 158 strains belonging to different Aeromonas species isolated from hospitalized acute diarrhoea cases for susceptibility to quinolones. Compared to other species, a high percentage of the A. caviae strains were resistant to ciprofloxacin and norfloxacin. Based on MIC values, 6 A. caviae strains were selected and the nucleotide sequences for the quinolone-resistant-determining regions (QRDRs) of gyrA, gyrB and parC genes were analysed. In resistant strains, double mutations (Ser(83)-->Ile and Asp(87)-->Asn) and a single mutation (Ser(80)-->Ile) were detected in the QRDR of gyrA and parC, respectively.
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PMID:An unusually high level of quinolone resistance associated with type II topoisomerase mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of Aeromonas caviae isolated from diarrhoeal patients. 1556 76

Poultry is a main reservoir and source of human infection in campylobacteriosis. Three hundred and forty one stool samples (291 human, 50 avian) were analyzed. In the human group, 220 samples were collected from children with acute diarrheal disease (183 inpatients, 37 outpatients) and 71 from healthy children. Erythromycin and ciprofloxacin agar dilution MIC tests, Penner serotyping and RAPD-PCR genotyping were performed on 23 strains isolated. C. jejuni was reported only in patients with acute diarrhea (5.4% inpatients, 2.2% outpatients). Campylobacter prevalence in poultry was 34%. Cross-resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was found in 33.3% of human samples and 11.8% of animal samples. Human samples could not be typed using the Penner method. F serotype was the most expressed in poultry. We obtained a total of 14 genotypes (4 / 5 human and 10/15 avian). In conclusion, the predominant species in poultry and humans was C. jejuni, a significant amount of quinolone-resistant human and avian samples were obtained, and avian genotypes and serotypes were not found in human samples. The latter would mean that another source of infection could exist; therefore other reservoirs must be studied.
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PMID:[Genotyping and antibacterial resistance of Campylobacter spp strains isolated in children and in free range poultry]. 2228 79

The efficacy of 200mg oral ofloxacin given twice daily for 3 days was evaluated in 98 hospitalized cases with acute diarrhea or dysentery. Sixty cases were female, most of whom were laborers.Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii, Shigella sonnei, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas spp., and Plesiomonas shigelloides were isolated from fecal samples in 36 of 86 cases (42%) with diarrhea and 5 of 12 cases (46%) with dysentery.E. coli agglutinated with various E. coli polyvalent antisera were found in another 25 cases (26%). With the exception of E. coli, most of the clinical isolates were highly susceptible to ofloxacin and norfloxacin with minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC90) of 0.047-0.38 and 0.016-0.25mg/L, respectively. A total cure was achieved in 96.5% of cases with diarrhea and in 100% of cases with dysentery. There was a delayed response in two cases and only one case clinically failed to respond.V. cholerae was repeatedly isolated on day 3 in another case who had recovered on day 2, and 1 case developed gangrenous cholecystitis and ischemic enteropathy after an initial response to ofloxacin.
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PMID:Therapeutic Efficacy of Oral Ofloxacin in Acute Diarrhea and Dysentery. 2968 53

The article presents the results of antimicrobial resistance monitoring of Salmonella isolated from children and adults with diarrhea in St. Petersburg in 2014-2018. In 746 isolates of 42 serovars more than 90,0% belonged to three: S. enteritidis (79,6%), S. typhimurium (6,8%) and S. infantis (3,8%). The antimicrobial susceptibility testing (according the EUCAST) to 7 classes of antimicrobials revealed the resistance in 78,6% of Salmonella. Low-level quinolone resistance (MIC of ciprofloxacin 0,12-0,5 mg/l) was detected in 63,3% isolates (S. enteritidis -71,0%, S. typhimurium - 15,7%, S. infantis - 89,3%) and was due to five kinds of single nucleotide substitutions in gyrA: Asp87Tyr - 36,1% of studied isolates (only S. infantis); Ser83Phe - 22,2% (only S. enteritidis); Asp87Asn - 19,4% (S. enteritidis, S. typhimurium, S. hadar, S. newport); Ser83Tyr -11,1% (S. enteritidis and S. infantis) and Asp87Gly - 8,3% (only S. enteritidis). Only in one S. kentucky isolate with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance (MIC of ciprofloxacin > 8,0 mg/l) two substitutions (Ser83Phe and Asp87Asn) were detected. Two Salmonella isolates (S. typhimurium and S. corvallis) had plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (qnrS). Extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance was found in 6 Salmonella serovars (1,6%). The bla-genes were detected: of genetic group CTX-M1 - in 10 isolates (serovars S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, S. abony, S. coeln and S. virchow), CTX-M2 - in 2 S. typhimurium isolates, CTX-M9 - in three S. enteritidis isolates. In one S. typhimurium CTX-M1 and CTX-M2 were detected. The gene of CMY-2 (molecular class C cephalosporinase) was revealed in two isolates (S. newport and S. enteritidis). Our study showed that Salmonella (the main bacterial pathogen of acute diarrhea in children and adults) isolated in Saint-Petersburg had antimicrobial resistance to drugs of choice for salmonellosis treatment.
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PMID:[Antimicrobial resistance and clinical significant resistance mechanisms of Salmonella isolated in 2014-2018 in St.Petersburg, Russia.] 3174 56