Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied 388 homosexual or bisexual men from the Baltimore-Washington area to define the spectrum of enteric pathogen carriage in a population at high risk for "gay bowel syndrome" in association with human immunodeficiency virus infection. Seventy-seven patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, 68 gay men with symptoms of acute diarrhea or proctitis, and 243 gay men without gastrointestinal symptoms and participating in a natural history study of human immunodeficiency virus infection were selected for study. Approximately 12% of the asymptomatic men harbored at least one enteric pathogen; the most frequently recovered were Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus, and Giardia lamblia. Men carrying a pathogen were more likely to be human immunodeficiency virus seropositive (48%) than men without a pathogen (25%) (p = 0.018), more likely to have fewer T helper cells (p = 0.015), and more likely to have a mucopurulent exudate (p = 0.014). We recovered an agent of enteric disease from 68% of gay men presenting with diarrhea or proctitis. Campylobacter species, herpes simplex virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, C. trachomatis, G. lamblia, and Shigella species were identified most frequently. The most common pathogen associated with diarrhea in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome was Cryptosporidium (16% of 49 cases). Other agents identified were Clostridium difficile, Vibrio parahemolyticus, Campylobacter species, G. lamblia, Isospora, and cytomegalovirus. Approximately half of the identifiable etiologic agents of diarrhea in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome patients were treatable with antibiotics, but these agents required special culture procedures for detection.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of enteric pathogens in homosexual men with and without acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. 283 Nov 7

In 1993, women residing in three rural districts of Pakistan were recruited, hired, trained to deliver primary health care and to promote health-seeking behavior within their limited catchment areas (1000-1500 people), and provided with supervisory and managerial support. Each village nominated candidates for the positions who had a minimum of 8 years of formal education, lived in the villages they would serve, were aged 18-45, and were, preferably, married. Each woman underwent 3 months of initial training in the delivery of primary health care and ongoing training interposed with period of service delivery for the next year. Data collected on the village population included information about births and deaths in the previous year. The health workers kept records about births, deaths, morbidity, and service delivery. Men's and women's community groups organized to identify health priorities and strategies, and the health workers made regular home visits for health promotion, case management, and family planning services. A year after implementation, infant and maternal mortality rates dropped from 130 to 64 and from 596 to 246, respectively. There was also a highly significant drop in the mortality of children aged 1-4 years from acute diarrhea and from measles. Immunization coverage increased, contraceptive use increased, and the provision of sanitation and safe water improved. The cost of the program was US$386 per health worker. Capital and yearly recurrent costs per person of $0.39 and $1.13, respectively, were lower than public sector allocations for the same period. It is clear that trained, locally resident female health workers can improve the delivery of primary health care in Pakistan.
 ...
PMID:Female health workers boost primary care. 939 10