Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

How do you treat diarrhoea?, questionnaires were sent to 586 health workers in 81 countries and 58% replied. Treatments for acute diarrhoea were scored for popularity, including retrospective questions about therapy three years earlier. Oral rehydration was apparently widely used in 1976, and this had increased by 1979. Intravenous therapy was also important. Kaolin and sulphonamides are becoming less popular, but antibiotics are still widely prescribed. The most commonly used oral rehydration mixtures in 1979 were home made, simple salt-sugar solutions. A complete formula, as recommended by WHO, was used by a smaller number. 30% of the responders reported no difficulty with oral rehydration, but many did not favour the method. The main technical complaint in 28% of replies was that patients could not take enough fluid, and vomiting was reported in 22%. Local beliefs about the cause of diarrhoea related to some food or fluid ingested according to 45% of responders. Such diet-related beliefs may adversely affect the use of oral therapy.
Ann Trop Paediatr 1981 Dec
PMID:A worldwide survey on the treatment of diarrhoeal disease by oral rehydration in 1979. 618 70

The fecal flora of 56 clinically healthy and 23 sick horses were examined bacteriologically for counts of Clostridium perfringens, molds, coliforms, alpha- and beta-hemolytic streptococci, and microbes belonging to genus Bacillus, as well as for the presence of Salmonella spp. Of the healthy horses, 85.7% had a C perfringens count less than 10(1) colony-forming units/g of feces. Of the healthy horses, lowest counts were found in race-horses. Of the sick horses, equine intestinal clostridiosis was diagnosed in 2 horses with large C perfringens counts (10(4) to 10(7) colony-forming units/g) and with acute diarrhea. The 7 isolates of C perfringens were identified as serotype A. Salmonella spp were not detected from any of the horses. The study indicated that diagnosing equine intestinal clostridiosis based on the determination of the fecal C perfringens count was suitable.
Am J Vet Res 1981 Dec
PMID:Bacteriologic examination of equine fecal flora as a diagnostic tool for equine intestinal clostridiosis. 628 May 23

Testing for rotavirus detection in faeces from infants with acute diarrhea can be carried out, with high sensitivity, by immunofluorescence on rhesus monkey kidney cell lines (MA-104). Preincubation of viral inoculum with trypsin enhances further the sensitivity. In the present study we tried to assess the optimal conditions for detection of viral antigens, by analyzing the expression of virus-specific proteins at different times of infection and the effects of trypsin presence during virus adsorption and replication. Maximal production of viral antigens was obtained by infecting the cells 4 hours after cell-seeding and incubating them for 18 hours afterwards. In experiments with simian rotavirus SA-11, pretreated with trypsin and then with a trypsin inhibitor, a marked reduction in the percentage of fluorescent cells was observed thus indicating a role of the enzyme both on the virus and on the cell layer.
Quad Sclavo Diagn 1983 Dec
PMID:[Immunofluorescence reaction for rotavirus analysis in fecal specimens]. 633 Jul 86

Acute diarrhea in adults is usually caused by bacterial infection, parasitic infestation, food poisoning, or drugs. In this review, we summarize the pros and cons of medical therapies, point out certain areas of controversy, and propose a rationale for early intervention. Discussion is limited to the use of antidiarrheal agents and antibiotics in acute infectious diarrhea.
J Clin Gastroenterol 1983 Dec
PMID:Management of acute diarrhea. 636 16

A method fo detecting large numbers of isolates of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli is described in which the genes encoding th enterotoxins are detected, rather than the toxins themselves. Radiolabeled fragments of DNA encoding the heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST) toxins were used as hybridization probes for homologous DNA sequences in E. coli colonies grown and lysed in situ on nitrocellulose filters. The LT probe detected all of 31 E. coli strains producing ST and LT or only LT, while the ST probe detected 12 of 17 strains producing only ST and three of 26 strains producing ST and LT. These results suggest that the LTs produced by different isolates of E. coli are homologous and that human isolates of E. coli produce at least two heterologous STs detectable in the infant mouse assay. The hybridization method also detected the presence of enterotoxigenic E. coli in bacterial growth in directly spotted stools from patients with acute diarrhea.
J Infect Dis 1980 Dec
PMID:Detection of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli by DNA colony hybridization. 700 26

Cryptosporidiosis has been found in Myanmar for the first time in infants presenting with a mild transient form of acute diarrhea. A total of 203 fecal samples collected from those infants were examined by Kinyoun's acid fast modified method. 3.4% of infants between 2 and 11 months of age were found passing cryptosporidium oocysts. All cases presented with features consistent with findings reported by other authors from developing countries. Cryptosporidium was the sole microorganism isolated. Hence, cryptosporidiosis may be responsible for acute diarrhea in these Myanmar infants.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1994 Dec
PMID:Cryptosporidiosis in Myanmar infants with acute diarrhea. 766 8

Interviews were conducted with 293 mothers in six villages with a total population of 54,324 in a study to determine factors associated with the use of oral rehydration solution (ORS) in West Lombok, Indonesia. The mothers had children younger than two years old who had experienced an episode of diarrhea in the past week during the three-month survey period of June-August 1991. The participants were questioned about when ORS was used, how often it was used, how to make ORS, and the availability and accessibility of ORS in the community. The mothers were also observed preparing ORS. More than 66% of the mothers questioned had used oral rehydration therapy for the home management of diarrhea, either as packaged ORS or as salt-sugar solution (SSS); 56% of mothers reported giving ORS and 10% reported giving SSS. Only 37% and 9% of mothers, however, were able to properly prepare ORS and SSS, respectively. The following factors significantly increased the likelihood that a mother would use ORS: watching a demonstration of how to prepare ORS, the availability of ORS, and accessibility of ORS. The ability to properly prepare ORS did not significantly increase the likelihood of feeding ORS. Study findings indicate that demonstrations of the preparation of ORS and availability of ORS are necessary to increase the use of ORS for the management of acute diarrhea in the study district.
J Diarrhoeal Dis Res 1994 Dec
PMID:Factors associated with the use of oral rehydration solution among mothers in west Lombok, Indonesia. 775 66

Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected microscopically in the concentrated faecal smears (stained by modified kinyoun's acid fast stain) in 13 out of 100 (13 per cent) cases of acute diarrhoea (AD < 2 weeks duration), 7 out of 50 (14 per cent) cases of chronic diarrhoea (CD > 2 weeks duration) and none in 50 age matched controls. The grades of malnutrition of the cases and controls were calculated by the weight for age criteria and the immune status assessed by the levels of serum immunoglobulins and SIgA in duodenal fluids. Malnutrition was observed in 6 out of 13 cases (46.1 per cent) in acute and 6 out of 7 cases (85.71 per cent) in chronic cryptosporidial diarrhoeas. There was no significant statistical difference (P > 0.05) in serum immunoglobulins and SIgA levels in chronic cryptosporidiosis. SIgA was significantly reduced (P > 0.05) in cases of acute cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium is an important cause of symptomatic infection in apparently immunocompetent children not having been detected in a single non-diarrhoeal control. Further a low SIgA could contribute to acute symptomatic cryptosporidiosis by favouring colonization with the parasite.
J Commun Dis 1994 Dec
PMID:Assessment of the immune and nutritional status of the host in childhood diarrhoea due to cryptosporidium. 775 98

The purpose of this study was to identify the enteropathogens causing acute diarrheal disease in Americans living in the North Africa/Middle East region during a 34-month period from February 12, 1985 to December 30, 1987 to guide preventive and therapeutic measures. Stool specimens were examined and an epidemiologic questionnaire was administered to patients with acute diarrhea at the Outpatient Health Unit of the United States Embassy in Cairo, Egypt. The subjects consisted of 126 American employees and dependents of the U. S. Embassy in Cairo, Egypt with diarrhea of less than two-weeks duration. Subjects received routine medical care administered by the U.S. Embassy Medical staff. A possible etiologic agent was detected in 41% of the subjects. Enteroadherent Escherichia coli was the most commonly isolated enteropathogen. A high degree of antimicrobial resistance was noted among the bacterial isolates, but all were susceptible to the quinolone antibiotics. Episodes of acute diarrhea occurring among American expatriates in Cairo, Egypt were primarily of bacterial etiology, but only a small portion were caused by the bacterial pathogens routinely identified in a standard clinical bacteriology laboratory. Most of the diarrheal episodes were due to noninvasive enteroadherent E. coli that may cause prolonged disease requiring antimicrobial therapy.
Am J Trop Med Hyg 1994 Dec
PMID:Etiology of acute diarrhea among United States Embassy personnel and dependents in Cairo, Egypt. 781 Aug 25

Autoimmunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Several studies have shown amplified immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody response in UC; however the immunoreactive antigen(s) is unknown. To study this antigen(s), mucosal colonic extract was prepared by sonication, ultracentrifugation followed by ion exchange chromatography in fast protein liquid chromatography. The fraction (enriched colonic peptide), that was most reactive to a novel monoclonal antibody, 7E12H12 (IgM isotype), was isolated and used to examine the immunoreactivity against the patients' serum samples. Two hundred and thirteen coded samples from 111 patients with UC (symptomatic and untreated (63), symptomatic and treated (26), remission (22)); 47 with Crohn's disease (CD) (40 were symptomatic and untreated, and 30 had colonic disease); 29 with acute diarrhoea caused by specific pathogen(s); 10 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 16 normal subjects were examined against the enriched colonic peptide by IgG subtype specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Total IgG antibody reactivity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher only in symptomatic and untreated UC patients compared with each of the non-UC group, but the sensitivity was only 50%. IgG2 and IgG3 reactivities were not different among various groups. The IgG1 antibody reactivity against the enriched colonic peptide, however, differentiated UC patients from CD and each of the other non-UC groups. Seventy nine per cent of the patients with UC, treated or untreated, symptomatic or in remission, had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher IgG1 antibody against the enriched colonic peptide when compared with each of the other non-UC groups. Only 12% of CD serum samples and none of the other control serum samples reacted. Using purified serum IgG1 and 7E12H12-IgM, by 7E12H12 reactive peptide indeed reacts with UC-IgG1 antibody but not with control IgG1.
Gut 1994 Dec
PMID:Circulating immunoglobulin G1 antibody in patients with ulcerative colitis against the colonic epithelial protein detected by a novel monoclonal antibody. 782 7


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>