Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of a total of 508 stool specimens from children with acute diarrhoea, mostly under the age of 5 years, collected in nine cities in the western and southeastern regions of Turkey between May 2000 and October 2002, 119 (23.4%) were found positive for rotaviruses (RV) by ELISA. Positive samples were characterized by electropherotyping and G and P genotyping. A subset of G and P types were confirmed by nucleic acid sequencing. The most prevalent types found in this collection included G4P[8], accounting for 27/64 (42.2%) of the fully characterized strains. G1P[8], G2P[4] and G3P[8] were found in 17 (26.6%), 2 (3.1%) and one (1.5%) samples respectively. Less common strains such as G9P[8] were found in two (3.2%) samples and G2P[8], G1P[6], G2P[6] and G4P[6], possible reassortant viruses, were found in five (7.8%), 2 (3.1%), one (1.5%) and four (6.3%) samples respectively. Mixed infections were found in six (7.3%) samples and were associated with combinations of G1 + G2, G1 + G4, G1 + G9 and G4 + G9 strains. This is the first molecular epidemiology study of its kind to be carried out in Turkey and suggests a significant diversity of co-circulating rotavirus strains.
 ...
PMID:Molecular characterization of rotaviruses circulating in the population in Turkey. 1605 May 13

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and combined immunoenzyme assay for rotavirus and adenovirus were used to analyze 380 fecal samples from children up to three years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, between May 2000 and January 2004. Among all the samples, 88 (23.2%) were positive for Rotavirus A. Out of these, 81 (92%) had a defined electrophoretic pattern: 77 (87.5%) with a long pattern and four (4.5%) with a short pattern. Genotype G and P characterization was done by nested RT-PCR for 85 samples, of which 56 (65.9%) were genotyped as type G. Among these, 49 (87.5%) were G1, five (8.9%) were G4, one (1.8%) was G3 and one (1.8%) was G9. The genotype was found to be type P in 37 samples (43.5%) and all of these were P[8]. The G and P association most observed was G1P[8], with 33 samples (89.2%), followed by G4P[8], two samples (5.4%); G3P[8], one sample (2.7%); and G9P[8], one sample (2.7%).
 ...
PMID:[Rotavirus A among hospitalized infants, up to three years of age, with acute gastroenteritis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul]. 1787 62

Five hundred four fecal specimens, collected between 2004 and 2006 from young children with acute diarrhea, were screened for rotavirus by ELISA with VP6-specific antibody. Of these samples, 394 (78.2%) were confirmed as group A rotavirus and they underwent G- and P typing using a combination of ELISA, RT-PCR, and sequence analysis methods. The dominant circulating G serotype was G1 (35.6%) followed by G3 (26.4%), G4 (14.7%), and G2 (11.9%). There was a low prevalence of G9 (1.0%) and of unusual G type rotavirus, in particular, G12 (0.5%) and G8 (0.3%). Of the P genotype rotavirus in circulation, P[8] (53.0%) was most common followed by P[6] (15.5%), P[4] (15.2%), and P[9] (2.3%). Determination of G- and P type combinations revealed that G1P[8] strains were most prevalent (25.4%), amid G3P[8] (16.8%), G2P[4] (6.3%), and G4P[6] (6.1%) strains. Unusual or rare combinations such as G2P[6], G2P[8], G3P[4], G2P[9], G1P[9], G3P[9], G12P[6], G1P[4], G3P[6], and G8P[8] were also found. Owing to the recent emergence of G8 and G12 rotavirus, the findings from this study are important since they provide new information concerning the local and global spread of rotavirus genotypes.
 ...
PMID:Detection of unusual rotavirus genotypes G8P[8] and G12P[6] in South Korea. 1804 Oct 3

The aim of this study has been to determine the incidence of diverse human rotavirus strains circulating in Thailand between October 2004 and April 2006 by means of molecular characterization. Pediatric patients aged between 2 months and 5 years diagnosed with acute diarrhea (n=307) in Bangkok and Buriram, Thailand were tested for human rotavirus A (RV-A) by RT-PCR. A total of 130 specimens (42.3%) were found RV-A positive and 126 were characterized by direct sequencing of the capsid glycoproteins VP7 and VP4. BLAST/FASTA analysis and phylogenetic analysis revealed genotypes G1P[8] (85.7%), G2P[4] (2.4%), G2P[8] (0.8%), G3P[8] (1.6%), G9P[8] (8.7%), and the uncommon strain G3P[19] (0.8%). Varying sites of polymorphism over time imply dependence on geographical location along with seasonal variation of relative incidence and distribution of rotavirus types. Thus, continuous molecular monitoring of human rotavirus epidemiology is essential for adjusting vaccine development.
 ...
PMID:Molecular characterization of group A human rotaviruses in Bangkok and Buriram, Thailand during 2004-2006 reveals the predominance of G1P[8], G9P[8] and a rare G3P[19] strain. 1822 23

Rotaviruses are the single most important causes of severe acute diarrhoea in children worldwide. Despite success in developing vaccines, there is still a lack of knowledge about many components of the immune response, particularly those to non-structural proteins. This study established radioimmunoprecipitation (RIP) assays using labeled G1P[8], G2P[4], and G4P[6] human rotaviruses to examine the spectrum and duration of rotavirus antibodies in sera collected sequentially for 18-36 months from 27 children after hospitalization for primary rotavirus gastroenteritis. Five children experienced rotavirus re-infections. Primary responses detected to non-structural protein NSP2 declined to baseline after 100-150 days. Responses were heterotypic between NSP2 of G1P[8] and G4P[8] rotaviruses. Re-infections after 465-786 days boosted antibody levels to NSP2of both serotypes, together with the appearance of anti-NSP2 to G2P[4], even though there was no evidence of infection with this serotype. We developed an enzyme-immunoassay to measure sequential levels of anti-NSP2 IgG and IgA, using recombinant (heterotypic) NSP2 derived from SA11 (G3P[2]). Anti-NSP2 IgG and IgA were detected in sera from 23/23 (100%) and 18/24 (75%) of children after primary infection, declined to baseline after 100-150 days, were boosted after rotavirus re-infections, and again declined to baseline 150 days later. Anti-NSP2 IgA was also detected after primary infection, in duodenal juice from 14/16 (87%), and faecal extract from 11/19 (57%) of children. Sequential estimation of anti-NSP2 EIA levels in sera could be a sensitive index of rotavirus infection and re-infection. The potential of anti-NSP2 to limit viral replication after re-infection deserves further study.
 ...
PMID:Non-structural protein NSP2 induces heterotypic antibody responses during primary rotavirus infection and reinfection in children. 1842 32

The study was designed to evaluate the circulation of group A rotaviruses in French hospitalized children, and to detect unusual strains. This prospective study was conducted from 2001 to 2006 in children consulting for acute diarrhea at the pediatric emergency department in three French University Hospitals. The rotaviruses were detected by rapid test and genotyped by RT-PCR on the basis of their outer capsid proteins VP4 (P-type) and VP7 (G-type). The stools from 757 children were analyzed. G1P[8] strains were predominant (44.0%), followed by G9P[8] (17.7%), G3P[8] 13.1%, G4P[8] (9.5%), and G2P[4] (1.8%); mixed rotavirus infections occurred in 2.3%. G9 rotaviruses emerged during the 2004-2005 season (73.4%) and remained the second most prevalent strains. Few unusual strains, G6, G8, G12 and P[6]-types, were detected. The monitoring of rotavirus infections should be maintained to document strain distribution and to assess the emergence of new reassortants that may not respond to current rotavirus vaccines.
 ...
PMID:Unexpected substitution of dominant rotavirus G genotypes in French hospitalized children over five consecutive seasons. 1885 26

Human rotaviruses have emerged as a leading cause of acute diarrhea in children <5 years of age worldwide. Although there are previous reports relating to various aspects of rotaviruses, there is limited data on the involvement of rotavirus infection in HIV-infected children. We therefore evaluated the importance of rotavirus infections in HIV-related diarrhea in Kenyan children. Fecal samples were collected from a total of 207 children during the period February 1999 to June 2000 and screened for HRV antigen by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Positive samples were analyzed by VP6 subgroup specificity assay, by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and reverse transcriptase/polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Fourteen percent (29/207) of the samples were positive. HIV-seropositive children with diarrhea were more likely than their counterparts without diarrhea to have rotaviruses [23.3% (10/43) versus 2.9% (2/70); p = 0.0001]. Rotavirus strain G3P[6] was predominant. These results indicate that rotavirus is an important viral etiological agent causing diarrhea in HIV-seropositive children.
 ...
PMID:Rotavirus infections among HIV-infected children in Nairobi, Kenya. 1927 45

Rotaviruses cause acute diarrhea worldwide. Previous studies of rotavirus diarrhea in China found that rotavirus infection is the most common cause of severe diarrhea in young children. In the present study, surveillance of rotavirus diarrhea was conducted involving 9549 children aged <5 years who were admitted for treatment of diarrhea at 11 sentinel hospitals in China from August 2003 through July 2007. Group A rotavirus was detected in 3749 (47.8%) of the 7846 fecal specimens by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Rotavirus isolates were characterized by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to determine G and P genotypes. All the strains that are common worldwide were detected; G3P[8] was the most common. An unusual G5 strain was detected in 2 specimens. Of all episodes of rotavirus diarrhea, 94% occurred during the first 2 years of life, peaking at 6-23 months of age. Our findings indicate that globally common rotavirus strains continue to be a major cause of severe childhood diarrhea in China. Introduction of routine immunization with effective rotavirus vaccines would substantially reduce this burden.
 ...
PMID:Hospital-Based Surveillance of Rotavirus Diarrhea in the People's Republic of China, August 2003-July 2007. 1981 97

During an ongoing surveillance for diarrheal pathogens, an unusual human group A rotavirus strain G3P[10] (RVA/Human-wt/IND/mcs60/2011/G3P[10]) was detected in a stool sample of a 14 months old girl child with acute diarrhea in Kolkata, eastern India. The VP7 nucleotide sequence of this strain revealed a close phylogenetic relationship to the prototype G3 strain AU-1 and Australian feline strain Cat2, whereas, the VP4 gene segment was closely related to the G8P[10] rotavirus 69M from Indonesia. Analysis of 11 gene segments of this unusual G3P[10] strain demonstrates a complex evolutionary pattern, with genes possibly derived from the group A rotaviruses of human DS-1-like and AU-1-like strains of simian and caprine host species. To our knowledge, this is the first complete genotyping report of any G3P[10] rotavirus, worldwide.
 ...
PMID:The first identification of rare human group A rotavirus strain G3P[10] with severe infantile diarrhea in eastern India. 2298 98

Two novel G3P[4] rotavirus strains were detected from children with acute diarrhea in Sendai, Japan, identified as a G3-P[4]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2 genotype constellation by whole-genome sequence analysis. The VP7 gene of the two strains displayed the highest nucleotide sequence identity (91 %) and showed a close genetic relationship (99 % bootstrap value) to an equine rotavirus reported in India. The other gene segments were related to human group A rotaviruses. This report suggests a possible reassortment event between human and equine rotaviruses.
 ...
PMID:Human G3P[4] rotavirus obtained in Japan, 2013, possibly emerged through a human-equine rotavirus reassortment event. 2535 28


1 2 3 Next >>