Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A community-based, case-control study was conducted during the summer peak season for diarrhea in the highlands of Chiapas, Mexico, to identify risk and protective factors associated with acute diarrhea in children less than 6 years of age. To estimate the diarrheal morbidity rate, the community was divided into 13 sectors, each of about 20 households. A resident (volunteer mother) made daily visits to every household in her sector to identify new cases of diarrhea. During 3 weeks of surveillance, 63 children with diarrhea and 48 control children were identified. The diarrheal attack rate during this period for children less than 6 years of age was 30%. Analysis of 29 neighborhood-matched case-control pairs showed that children with diarrhea were more likely than their controls to have had a mother with diarrhea in the 2 weeks preceding the onset of the child's diarrhea (P less than 0.05; relative risk = 10). The association of childhood diarrhea with maternal diarrhea may serve as a focus for more detailed studies as well as an intervention that may be appropriate and effective for this community.
Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1990 Feb
PMID:[Risk factors for acute infantile diarrhea in a rural community in Chiapas, Mexico. A strategy for intervention]. 213 86

To study the cost-effectiveness of fecal culture in the detection of enteropathogenic or enteroinvasive bacteria, a review and analysis was done of fecal cultures from ambulatory or hospitalized patients treated for acute diarrhea at a Buenos Aires sanatorium during 1985. Of 1,295 fecal cultures performed, pathogens were isolated in 369 cases (28.5%), of which 79 corresponded to Shigella sp. (S. flexnerii, 49; S. sonnei, 29; S. dysenteriae, 2), 25 to Salmonella sp., and 270 to enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) of the infant. There was no statistically significant difference between the ambulatory patients and the hospitalized patients in the proportion of positive fecal cultures. The cost of each positive fecal culture was US$ 60.36, while the cost of diagnosing invasion of the mucous membrane (isolation of Shigella sp. or detection of leukocytes in feces) was US$ 109.74. These costs are excessive and could be greatly reduced if the test were applied in only selected cases. Many of the strains of Shigella sp., Salmonella sp., and EPEC that were found were resistant to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. These cases of resistance suggest that fosfomycin may be one of the antibiotics of choice for the treatment of diarrhea caused by invasive organisms.
Bol Oficina Sanit Panam 1989 Nov
PMID:[Cost and effectiveness of fecal culture in the etiologic diagnosis of acute diarrhea]. 253 67

In four cities of Venezuela a study was carried out to evaluate the epidemiological, clinical, and etiological characteristics of acute diarrhea in children under 5 years of age. The study was done between June 1993 and May 1995 and involved children who were seen in a hospital, 2,552 with diarrhea and 793 controls. The Fisher exact test was used for the statistical analysis of the results. Rotaviruses were the most important agents, both in terms of their frequency (30%) and their association with dehydration (58%). Following in importance were Campylobacter spp. (13%) and Escherichia coli classical O serogroups (9%), but their association with diarrhea was only statistically significant among children less than 3 months old, a fact that is particularly important from the standpoint of treatment. The importance of age was confirmed as a determining factor in the prevalence and severity of diarrhea.
Rev Panam Salud Publica 1999 Sep
PMID:[Etiologic, clinical and socio-democratic characteristics of acute diarrhea in Venezuela]. 1051 91