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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The microflora and pH of gastric contents were determined in breast-fed and in bottle-fed normal infants, in well nourished infants with acute diarrhoea and in infants with chronic diarrhoea and protein-calorie malnutrition. The last group of infants was reevaluated after recovery from diarrhoea and protein-calorie malnutrition. A bactericidal pH effect below 2-5 was observed. Bottle-fed controls had low pH values and low bacterial concentrations, whereas infants with chronic diarrhoea and protein-calorie malnutrition had high pH values and bacterial overgrowth, essentially of Gram-negative bacilli. After recovery, the only remaining alteration was the frequent isolation of yeast-like fungi in low concentrations. Infants with acute diarrhoea, except for the isolation more frequently of yeast-like fungi, presented no alterations; this seems to indicate that pH alterations and Gram-negative bacilli overgrowth occurred during the evolution of the disease to a chronic state. Breast-fed normal infants had hydrogen-ion concentrations similar to those of the chronic diarrhoea group, but without Gram-negative bacilli overgrowth, suggesting that other factors, besides pH, regulate bacterial growth in the gastric contents of these groups of infants.
Gut 1975 Sep
PMID:Gastric pH and microflora of normal and diarrhoeic infants. 0 Feb 74

A study of acute gastroenteritis in children was carried out with the aim of establishing the prevalence of human reoviruslike agent (HRLA) and its relation to other enteric pathogens in Israel. The stools of 384 children with acute diarrhea referred to a pediatric emergency service were screened for HRLA by counterimmunoelectroosmorphoresis (CIEOP) and for pathogenic bacteria. Evidence of HRLA infection was found in 65 patients (17%). The highest infection rate prevailed during the cool season (25%), with a peak prevalence (41%) in November, when both the temperature and humidity were low. A very high proportion of HRLA was found in children younger than 36 months and no HRLA infection was observed in those older than nine years. The highest prevalence occurred in infants younger than six months, a situation rarely encountered in other countries. The main clinical features of HRLA infection were fever, vomiting, dehydration, signs of upper respiratory infection and carbohydrate intolerance. Bacterial pathogens accounted for 45% of enteric infections. Shigella species predominated (28%) during the summer season, especially in older children. In 38% of the study group, no etiologic agent could be detected. None of the 50 control subjects showed evidence of viral or bacterial pathogens in stools.
Isr J Med Sci 1979 Sep
PMID:Etiology of acute gastroenteritis in children in Israel: role of human reoviruslike agent and bacterial pathogens. 22 84

A case of acute diarrhoeal disease in a young male due to Campylobacter jejuni is described, and the importance of this organism as a cause of acute diarrhoea in adults is discussed.
N Z Med J 1979 Sep 26
PMID:Campylobacter enteritis: a common cause of adult diarrhoea. 29 69

A three-month survey was undertaken to determine the incidence of Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica in diarrhoeal disease and acute abdominal disease in Palmerston North. C. jejuni was isolated from five domiciliary patients and one hospitalised patient with acute diarrhoea but there were no isolations from patients suffering from acute abdominal disease. The isolation rates for C. jejuni in domiciliary and hospitalised patients with acute diarrhoea were 7.8 percent and 1.7 percent respectively. Y. enterocolitica was not isolated.
N Z Med J 1979 Sep 26
PMID:Campylobacter enteritis and Yersinia enterocolitica infection in New Zealand. 29 70

During the last 10 years there has been a major break-through in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of E. coli as a cause of acute diarrhoea. The current situation is briefly tabulated in Table 3. In the near future the field of interest is likely to centre on the investigation of adhesive factors and certainly on the possibility of using preparations of adhesive factors as vaccines. The successful use of such vaccines may have enormous benefit as intervention measures to break the acute diarrhoea--malnutrition syndrome which is so damaging to the life of infants and young children in developing countries.
Clin Gastroenterol 1979 Sep
PMID:The role of Escherichia coli in gastroenteritis. 38 99

I report five cases of occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery from one general practice; four of these occurred in one year.THE COMMON CLINICAL FEATURES WERE: acute diarrhoea and vomiting in elderly persons (all over 70) with abdominal pain and distension and shock. All had a previous history of auricular fibrillation and cardiac failure and past episodes of clinical arterial occlusive disorders had been experienced by four. Each diagnosis was confirmed at operation and all five patients died. It is important for general practitioners to recognize this syndrome.
J R Coll Gen Pract 1979 Sep
PMID:Acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion: problems of pre-operative diagnosis. 52 38

22 infants under age two years were admitted to the Ubol Provincial Hospital in Northeast Thailand with acute diarrhea. The house physician saw them and judged them to have moderate dehydration. 11 infants aged from 4-10 months were given nasogastric infusion; another 11 infants aged from 5-17 months received intravenous fluid. The absorption of nasogastric infusion fluid was remarkable as could be seen by the amount of stool loss, weight gain, reduction of serum specific gravity and urea nitrogen. Biochemical study showed high incidence of hypernatremia which could be explained by the limited fluid intake in these infants during diarrhea. Nasogastric infusion fluid which contained only table salt and cane sugar could provide effective volume. Electrolyte imbalance and metabolic acidosis were gradually corrected at a similar rate to bicarbonate containing solution as reported by others. Balance study indicated taht nasogastric infusion retained less nitrogen and sodium during the course of treatment as compared to intravenous infusion. All the infants recovered from diarrheal disease once dehydration was corrected without complications.
Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 1978 Sep
PMID:Oral hydration in infantile diarrhoea. 74 26

The aerobic flora of 2 groups of children (normal and with malnutrition) with acute diarrhoea was studied, by intubation of the upper and middle small intestine and by stool culture. All the 27 children studied presented bacterial concentrations of 10(5) germs/ml at one or both levels studied. In 9 cases enteropathogen bacteria e were isolated from stools, and in 6 of these they were also found in the small intestine. The results show the elevated incidence of overgrowth of the small intestinal aerobic flora in children with acute diarrhoea. This fact is mentioned as another etiological factor to be taken into consideration in this pathology.
Acta Paediatr Scand 1976 Sep
PMID:Stool bacterial aerobic overgrowth in the small intestine of children with acute diarrhoea. 96 12

One-hundred seventy-four infants and children with acute diarrhea were treated as ambulatory patients with either ampicillin (100 mg/kg/day orally in four divided doses) or trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole (10 mg TMP and 50 mg SMX/KG/day orally in two divided doses). There were 65 patients with shigellosis. Responses of those treated with TMP/SMX and of those with susceptible Shigella treated with ampicillin were comparable. Patients with resistant organisms failed to respond to ampicillin. All Shigella, including ampicillin-resistant strains, were suseptible in vitro to TMP/SMX, and patients with ampicillin-resistant strains responded favorably to treatment with TMP/SMX. TMP/SMX appears to be the best, currently available drug for the treatment of shigellosis.
J Pediatr 1976 Sep
PMID:Comparison of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and ampicillin theraphy for shigellosis in ambulatory. 104 83

Rotavirus infection in the Dar es Salaam area of Tanzania was studied in 99 hospitalized children with acute diarrhoea and 99 hospitalized non-diarrhoea referents matched for sex and age. Of the diarrhoea cases 43.4% had rotavirus in the stools as opposed to 15.2% of the referents. The high carrier rate among the referents represents a serious risk of nosocomial transmission. More referents than cases had serum IgG antibodies to rotavirus, 52.5% and 35.4%, respectively (P < 0.02), while there was no correlation with serum IgM and IgA or faecal IgA antibodies. The latex agglutination test had a sensitivity comparable to that of electron microscopy (100%) and a specificity of 93.8%. The Slidex test appeared to be superior to the Rotalex test in that it gives very few false-positive reactions. The SDS-PAGE patterns of 11 RNA segments were compatible with the presence of group A strains with considerable heterogeneity among the strains. Symptoms and signs and some environmental data were recorded. None of them was clearly associated with rotavirus infection among the diarrhoea cases. It is concluded that rotavirus is a major cause of acute infectious diarrhoea in Tanzania.
APMIS 1992 Sep
PMID:Rotavirus infection in Tanzania: a virological, epidemiological and clinical study among young children. 132 4


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