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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A randomised three cell study was carried out in 78 children with acute diarrhoea to evaluate the relative efficacy of oral rehydration solution (ORS) made from partially hydrolysed wheat grain, cooked rice powder, or glucose. Twenty six patients with comparable age, body weight, duration of diarrhoea, and degree of dehydration were studied in each of the three groups. Initial rehydration was carried out by using intravenous Dhaka solution within one to two hours followed by administration of oral rehydration solution. The mean ORS intake during the first and second 24 hours of treatment in patients with cholera receiving wheat-ORS and rice-ORS was significantly less compared with those receiving glucose-ORS. The stool output during the same period in patients receiving wheat-ORS and rice-ORS was significantly less compared with those receiving glucose-ORS. Similar trends in both ORS intake and stool output were observed during the next 24 hours.
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PMID:Hydrolysed wheat based oral rehydration solution for acute diarrhoea. 330 May 69

The efficacy of a commercial oral rehydration solution (ORS) was compared with that of the standard WHO formula ORS in treating infants hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Saudi Arabia. The commercial product contained less sodium and more glucose than the standard ORS. Among patients more than 2% dehydrated, 16 of 17 who received the standard ORS, were free of clinical signs of dehydration within 24 hours. Of 17 who received the commercial product, 9 needed intravenous therapy because of worsening dehydration. Patients on standard ORS had a greater mean weight gain in the 1st 8 hours and lower mean stool output. They showed significantly more rapid correction of acidosis and of azotemia, with higher intestinal absorption and urinary excretion of sodium. Diarrheal stools in patients on the commercial product were low in sodium and contained reducing substances, findings which suggest osmotic diarrhea from unabsorbed glucose.
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PMID:Oral rehydration therapy: comparison of a commercial product with the standard solution. 331 89

Ongoing acute diarrhoea in infancy may respond to a change from a cows' milk to a soya-based formula. This is usually ascribed to the change in carbohydrate content of the feed but the ideal carbohydrate composition of the soya feed is uncertain. Twenty infants with severe watery diarrhoea persisting 2 days after initial rehydration and refeeding with a cows' milk formula were randomly allocated to one of two soya-based formulas. In one the carbohydrate was a mixture of sucrose and glucose polymers and in the other all the carbohydrate glucose polymers. No advantage was noted for either formula. Approximately 50% of each group responded to dietary change. The prompt cessation of diarrhoea and the disappearance of evidence of carbohydrate malabsorption suggests the response is due to the removal of lactose from the diet. Those infants that did not respond had evidence of continuing carbohydrate malabsorption and were not simply lactose-intolerant. The pathogenesis of this carbohydrate malabsorption and the possible relationship to small-bowel bacterial overgrowth requires further investigation.
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PMID:Response of severe infantile diarrhoea to soya-based feeds. 335 6

Children with acute diarrhea and moderate dehydration between 3 months and 5 years of age were randomly assigned to receive treatment with standard WHO oral rehydration solution (ORS) (n = 33) and two other solutions in which the 20 g/L glucose was substituted by 50 g/L of pop rice (n = 31) and 60 g/L of mung bean (lentil) powder (n = 29). Satisfactory oral rehydration, as assessed clinically and by changes in PCV and total serum solids (TSS), was achieved in 90.9% with WHO ORS, 96.8% with pop rice, and 96.6% in the mung bean ORS treated group (p greater than 0.05). The purging rates (ml/kg/h) until recovery were 2.49 +/- 1.5 (pop rice); 2.91 +/- 2.0 (WHO), and 3.41 +/- 1.7 in the mung bean group (p greater than 0.05). The percentage of patients recovering from diarrhea within the 72 h study period was 58.0 (pop rice), 48.4 (WHO), and 44.8 for mung bean group (p greater than 0.05). Though differences in stool volumes and duration in the three groups were not statistically different, there was a trend toward improvement in efficacy with the pop rice ORS in several parameters: greater weight gain, higher percentage decline in TSS, higher urine output despite lower ORS intake, and lower purging rates. The intake of semisolids in the 24-72 h study period was also higher in the pop rice group as compared to the other two groups (p less than 0.05). The number of breast feeds and intake of artificial milk was however similar in all groups (p greater than 0.05).
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PMID:Efficacy of mung bean (lentil) and pop rice based rehydration solutions in comparison with the standard glucose electrolyte solution. 343 Feb 48

Controversy continues regarding the ideal composition of glucose/electrolyte solutions used for oral rehydration of infants and children with acute diarrhea. We have used cholera toxin-treated rat small intestine as a model of secretory diarrhea to assess the efficacy of oral rehydration solutions by intestinal perfusion. All solutions tested reversed net water secretion but a hypotonic bicarbonate-free solution was more effective than other solutions, including the World Health Organization oral rehydration solution (p less than 0.003). Net sodium secretion persisted with all solutions tested but there was a significant linear relationship between sodium concentration of the solution perfused and net sodium transport (r = 0.75, p less than 0.05). Cholera toxin treatment alone and in combination with perfusion of oral rehydration solutions significantly reduced plasma sodium concentration and osmolality (p less than 0.05), the effects being most marked with low sodium solutions. Although direct parallelism between observations in this animal model of secretory diarrhea and human diarrheal disease has not been established as yet, the model may be useful in assessing clinical efficacy of new oral rehydration solutions and in systematic analysis of the relative benefits of their individual components.
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PMID:Efficacy of oral rehydration solutions in a rat model of secretory diarrhea. 343 Feb 70

The results of a study of absorption by children of vitamin A indicate that absorption is lower in children with acute diarrhoea compared with normal children. The glucose or electrolytes present in solutions of oral rehydration salts had no effect on the absorption. Despite malabsorption, 70% of the administered dose of 100 000 IU of vitamin A in 500 ml of fluid was absorbed and retained.
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PMID:Absorption of vitamin A by children with diarrhoea during treatment with oral rehydration salt solution. 349 5

Exocrine pancreatic function was assessed by means of the Lundh test in 14 patients with acute cholera and 18 patients with acute infectious non-cholera diarrhoea within the first 24 h of their admission. Mean tryptic activity amounted to 39.8 +/- 4.8 microEq/min/ml in the cholera group and to 64.4 +/- 11.0 microEq/min/ml in the non-cholera group. None of these patients shared a value below the lower limit of normal. In fact, the mean tryptic activity per 2 h was significantly higher than that reported previously in a control group from the Bengal area. It is therefore concluded that the exocrine pancreatic function is preserved and responds to food stimulation in various types of acute infectious diarrhoea, including cholera. These findings provide the pathophysiological background for the recent observation that oral rehydration solutions containing high-molecular-weight nutrients such as rice powder are at least as efficient or even more potent than the WHO-recommended glucose-electrolyte formula in acute diarrhoea.
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PMID:Preserved exocrine function in patients with acute cholera and acute non-cholera diarrhoea. 368 Oct 27

An oral rehydration solution (ORS) containing 60 mmol/l of Na+ (ORS60) was compared in a randomized trial with the ORS of WHO formula (Na+ 90 mmol/l = ORS90) for the treatment of diarrhoeal dehydration in 66 hospitalized infants aged 3 to 34 months. The infants had a 5 +/- 3% dehydration, and received within 6-10 hours 76 +/- 32 ml/kg of ORS60 or 74 +/- 41 ml/kg of ORS90 corresponding to a sodium input of 4.6 +/- 1.9 mmol/kg and 6.6 +/- 3.7 mmol/kg, respectively. Both treatments were found adequate and equally effective for the correction of dehydration and sodium deficit. The same ORS60 was also compared to a commercial low sodium glucose-electrolyte solution (sodium 35 mmol/l, glucose 3.5 milligrams) for ambulatory treatment of acute diarrhoea in infants. Satisfactory rehydration was achieved within 6 hours in 19 of 23 infants receiving ORS60 as opposed to 6 of 18 infants receiving the commercial solution (p less than 0.001); the poor result with the latter was in most cases attributed to a refusal by the infant to consume the sweetish solution. It is concluded that ORS60 is suitable for the treatment of isotonic diarrhoeal dehydration in hospitalized children as well as outpatients.
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PMID:Evaluation of an oral rehydration solution with Na+ 60 mmol/l in infants hospitalized for acute diarrhoea or treated as outpatients. 390 60

A clinical study was undertaken using honey in oral rehydration solution in infants and children with gastroenteritis. The aim was to evaluate the influence of honey on the duration of acute diarrhoea and its value as a glucose substitute in oral rehydration. The results showed that honey shortens the duration of bacterial diarrhoea, does not prolong the duration of non-bacterial diarrhoea, and may safely be used as a substitute for glucose in an oral rehydration solution containing electrolytes. The correct dilution of honey, as well as the presence of electrolytes in the oral rehydration solution, however, must be maintained.
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PMID:Honey in the treatment of infantile gastroenteritis. 392 86

The response of infants with diarrhea and lactose intolerance to feedings containing soy protein and sucrose (Sobee), and/or to a carbohydrate free formula (RCF), to which glucose polymers (GP) were added, was assessed in twenty patients. They all were less than ten months of age and had varying degrees of malnutrition. Eleven had acute diarrhea and nine had chronic diarrhea. None of them had classical enteropathogenic strains and parasites in the stools. All had lactose intolerance when feedings were begun with cow's milk formula and some also had sucrose intolerance when fed sucrose containing soy formulas. They had persistent loose stools and excreted feces with an acid pH and with carbohydrates, thus they were given dietary treatment with RCF with GP. There were 9 patients with acute diarrhea and lactose intolerance (1 of them also had sucrose intolerance), who improved on RCF with GP feedings; but 2 patients (lactose and sucrose intolerant) failed to respond to this diet. There were six patients with chronic diarrhea and lactose intolerance (four of them also had sucrose intolerance), who improved on RCF with GP formula, but there were three patients who failed on this treatment. These data show that some infants with diarrhea, malnutrition, and lactose-sucrose intolerance may also develop intolerance to GP and require further dietary management with glucose as the source of carbohydrate in the diet.
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PMID:Tolerance to glucose polymers in malnourished infants with diarrhea and disaccharide intolerance. 396 31


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