Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to determine the cytotoxic effect on CaCo-2 intestinal cells of dialysates obtained from bacterial cultures of some enterobacterial opportunistic strains with different sources of isolation (food, stool culture, acute diarrhoea, urine culture), previously tested and selected for their intensive adherence and invasion capacity to the cellular substratum and also for their cytotoxic effect on cell monolayers. In this study the level of cytotoxicity was measured quantitatively by means of the MTT assay and qualitatively by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The MTT method uses a tetrazolium salt for the quantitative spectrophotometric assay of CaCo-2 cells survival and proliferation rates in the presence of bacterial dialysates. This test detects the viable cells, which are able to reduce the tetrazolium salt and offers the advantages of a very simple, rapid and precise method. For TEM examination the ultrathin sections were prepared following the standard protocols. The most cytotoxic strains proved to be Citrobacter freundii 93 strain isolated from stool culture, and Enterobacter cloacae 43, isolated from food followed by E. coli 115 strain isolated from acute diarrhoea. These results correlate well with TEM results pointing out the cytotoxic effect of Enterobacter cloacae 43 strain and also its ability to induce attachment and to destroy the cell surface (A/E) of HEp-2 cells. Besides their great adherence and invasion capacity, the production and release of cytotoxic factors into the extracellular medium represent virulence factors in these strains. This could be responsible for the increase of the pathogenic potential of opportunistic bacteria and explain their implication in the etiology of severe infections and food-borne diseases. This study proved that the virulence of opportunistic pathogens is not correlated with the strain's origin, the most evident virulence features being exhibited by an Enterobacter cloacae strain isolated from food.
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PMID:Investigation of the cytotoxic capacity of some adherent opportunistic enterobacterial strains by the MTT assay and transmission electron microscopy. 2105 82

Today, zeolite appears as an interesting alternative for the symptomatic treatment of acute diarrhea. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the properties of activated micronized (5 microns) zeolite clinoptilolite (MZC) from Transylvania, Romania, first by testing it in vitro and then in vivo on calves with diarrhea. To assess the toxic potential of the MZC, we performed a cell cytotoxicity assay using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) technique on primary bovine intestinal epithelial cells (BIECs). The antimicrobial activity of MZC was investigated by measuring the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) on Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922). The uncontrolled in vivo study was carried out over 8 days on a fattening farm, with some 650 calves. Selected calves were randomly assigned to four groups of 20 individuals. Several combinations between MZC, chestnut extract, and oxytetracycline were tested. At the beginning of the study, all calves had diarrhea, while at the end of the study, the prevalence of diarrhea was significantly lower in all four groups (p < 0.001), including the ones treated with MZC. Due to its low cytotoxicity on the intestinal cells and with regards to the results we obtained in vivo, MZC may be considered an alternative for the symptomatic treatment of undifferentiated diarrhea in calves.
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PMID:The Use of Activated Micronized Zeolite Clinoptilolite as a Possible Alternative to Antibiotics and Chestnut Extract for the Control of Undifferentiated Calf Diarrhea: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. 3328 3