Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To investigate the etiologic role of Clostridium difficile in childhood acute diarrhea, stool specimens from 618 children with diarrhea and 135 controls without enteric symptoms were examined by cell culture assay for the presence of free toxin B. This toxin was found in 4.2% of the fecal specimens examined without finding a significant difference between cases and controls, suggesting no causal relationship between diarrhea and the presence of free C. difficile toxin B. C. difficile strains isolated from toxin B-positive specimens were characterized by cytotoxin and enterotoxin production and by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of EDTA-extracted proteins. All but two isolates produced toxin B and toxin A and the remaining were negative for both toxins. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis showed eight electrophoretic types, none of them was clearly related with the cases of diarrhea. The majority of isolates from children with diarrhea did not belong to types previously observed in adults with pseudomembranous colitis or antibiotic-associated diarrhea. This study provides additional evidence that C. difficile is not involved in the etiology of childhood diarrhea.
 ...
PMID:Role of Clostridium difficile in childhood diarrhea. 756 89

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the double-stranded RNA of rotavirus recovered from stool specimens collected between March 1988 and December 1992 from children with acute diarrhoea admitted to the central hospital in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Rotavirus was detected by ELISA in 523 specimens of the 1242 collected during the study, giving an overall prevalence of 42.2% for the 5 years of investigation. Out of 523 rotavirus-positive specimens, 263 (50.3%) were successfully electropherotyped. Eighteen different electropherotypes were observed, 12 long patterns and six short patterns. Eighty-seven per cent of the electropherotypes were of the long RNA pattern. The remaining were short electropherotypes. The predominant electropherotypes were two long patterns and maintained dominance over 5 years of the study. The third most predominant pattern was a short electropherotype. The remaining electropherotypes made minor contributions every year. These predominant electropherotypes were different from the predominant patterns detected in many countries. Temporal distribution was observed for 5 successive years for the predominant electropherotypes, with an increase in the incidence during the cooler months of the year.
 ...
PMID:Human rotavirus genomic RNA electropherotypes in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 1988 to 1992. 759 37

The electropherotypes and serotypes of human rotaviruses circulating in Tallinn (Estonia) in 1989-1992 have been studied. Rotaviruses were found in 372 (25.8%) of 1,442 faecal specimens of pediatric patients with acute diarrhea. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of RNA from 318 isolates has revealed 41 electropherotypes. Frequent genomic alterations, including a shift of predominant electropherotypes, were observed during the study period. The serotype of 158 (50.3%) of 314 tested rotavirus isolates was identified using ELISA with VP7-specific monoclonal antibodies against 4 established human rotavirus serotypes. Serotype G1 was found to be largely predominant and accounted for 70.9% of the typeable specimens, serotypes G4, G2, and G3 accounted for 12%, 9.5%, 7.6%, respectively. A major shift to serotype G4 took place in 1990-1991. Serotype G1 was represented by the largest number of electropherotypes. All G1, G3 and G4 isolates were of "long" and all G2 isolates were of "short" electropherotypes. According to our results the isolates of an identical electropherotype belong to the same serotype.
 ...
PMID:Electropherotypes and serotypes of human rotavirus in Estonia in 1989-1992. 797 94

Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) of rotavirus can provide information on variation in rotavirus strain prevalent in the community. In the present study 157 samples were collected from children below 5 years of age presenting with acute diarrhoea from May to December, 1990 at Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. Seventy-one (45 percent) of these stool samples were positive for rotavirus by ELISA. Sixty-seven samples showed discernible RNA pattern of group A rotavirus by PAGE. It was found that there were seven electropherotypes co-circulating in this 8-month period. Majority of the strains had a IIC pattern, but IIA, IID, IIE, IIG, IE, and IB electropherotype patterns were also seen. The simultaneous co-circulation of multiple group A strains in the community may lead to extensive genomic variation in rotavirus strains.
 ...
PMID:Diversity of rotavirus strains infecting pediatric patients in New Delhi, India. 881 32

A survey of rotavirus infection in infants and young children with acute diarrhoea was undertaken in Zaria, northern Nigeria during 1997 and 1998. In total, 375 faecal specimens were collected from children aged between 1 and 60 months and 122 specimens from age-matched control children without diarrhoea. Fourteen specimens were collected from neonates in the University Teaching Hospital. Rotavirus antigen was detected in 61 diarrhoeal and four control specimens; four neonates were shedding rotavirus. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the viral genome showed the presence of five strains of rotavirus with long RNA electropherotypes and one short pattern. The rotavirus VP6 subgroup was determined by monoclonal antibodies specific ELISA and showed that subgroup II strains predominated (72 vs. 9.8 per cent), while eight strains could not be subgrouped and three did not react at all. Examination of the VP7 serotype showed G1 and G3 strains circulating at similar levels (29 and 25 per cent), but no serotype G2 nor G4 strains were identified. G1/G3 'mosaic' virus strains circulated commonly (10 per cent).
 ...
PMID:VP6 subgroup and VP7 serotype of human rotavirus in Zaria, northern Nigeria. 1119 Nov 45

Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and combined immunoenzyme assay for rotavirus and adenovirus were used to analyze 380 fecal samples from children up to three years of age who were hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul, between May 2000 and January 2004. Among all the samples, 88 (23.2%) were positive for Rotavirus A. Out of these, 81 (92%) had a defined electrophoretic pattern: 77 (87.5%) with a long pattern and four (4.5%) with a short pattern. Genotype G and P characterization was done by nested RT-PCR for 85 samples, of which 56 (65.9%) were genotyped as type G. Among these, 49 (87.5%) were G1, five (8.9%) were G4, one (1.8%) was G3 and one (1.8%) was G9. The genotype was found to be type P in 37 samples (43.5%) and all of these were P[8]. The G and P association most observed was G1P[8], with 33 samples (89.2%), followed by G4P[8], two samples (5.4%); G3P[8], one sample (2.7%); and G9P[8], one sample (2.7%).
 ...
PMID:[Rotavirus A among hospitalized infants, up to three years of age, with acute gastroenteritis in Campo Grande, State of Mato Grosso do Sul]. 1787 62

In this study, we characterized human rotavirus strains recovered from infants and young children with acute diarrhea in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire, during 2000-2004. In total, 719 fecal specimens were collected from children aged 1-60 months with acute infantile gastroenteritis. Examination with a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed the presence of group A rotavirus antigen in 208 diarrheal specimens (28.9%). Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of the RNA extracted from rotavirus-positive stools yielded a variety of "long" and "short" RNA electropherotypes, which were used to help select strains for VP4 and VP7 genotyping. VP7 genotype G1 strains were circulating most commonly during the study period (53%), followed by G2 (22%) and G3 (5%) strains. Strains with multiple VP7 genotype reactivity were observed in 7.6% of specimens, and a similar number (8%) could not be typed at all. VP4 P[6] and P[8] strains circulated at similar levels (33%). Strains demonstrating multiple VP4 types were quite common (9%); however, 20% of the strains were untypeable by the methods used. Rotavirus strain diversity in Cote d'Ivoire was similar to that observed in other West African countries.
 ...
PMID:Molecular characterization and genotyping of human rotavirus strains in Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. 2068 6

A prospective analysis of 90 clinically diagnosed cases with acute diarrhea over a period of one year was carried out to determine the prevalence of rotavirus infection in children between 2 months to 2 years of age. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) were used for detection of rotavirus from stool sample. Fourteen (15.6%) of them were found to be positive for group A rotavirus, 9 (23%) cases were between 6 months to 1 year of age. Rotavirus excretion was highest (50%) when all three symptoms (diarrhea, vomiting and fever) occurred in the same child. A planned study for surveillance of rotavirus serotypes is required from this area.
 ...
PMID:Clinical profile and prevalence of rotavirus infection in children presented with acute diarrhea at tertiary care referral hospital at northern part of India. 2201 Apr 85