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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A three-year epidemiological study (from January 1985 to December 1987) was carried out on sporadic cases of acute diarrhea. A total of 2889 fecal specimens in Cary-Blair transport medium were examined for bacterial enteric pathogens, and 832 strains of fifteen species were isolated from 739 specimens, 73 patients having two or more pathogens. C. jejuni shared 51.7%, Salmonella spp. 18.3%, V. parahaemolyticus 10.3%, and Aeromonas spp. 15.7% of total fecal specimens. Isolation rates of C. jejuni and Salmonella spp. in children under the age of fifteen years (19.3%, 6.4%) were higher than those of older years (9.8%, 3.9%), respectively. Isolation of C. jejuni decreased to 24% (12/50) during 2-4 days storage at room temperature in Cary-Blair transport medium, which showed the necessity of rapid plating for isolation of C. jejuni from fecal specimens. Incidence of A. caviae in children up to ten years of age was significantly higher as compared with those of other Aeromonas species. Desoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-xylose-agar (DHXA) was used for direct plating technique and for plating after enrichment with alkaline peptone water (without NaCl), which was found suitable as an enrichment medium for Aeromonas spp. Enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) O157:H7 was isolated from 3 patients by using desoxycholate-hydrogen sulfide-sorbitol-agar (DHSA).
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PMID:[Studies on bacterial agents in acute diarrheal disease (1985-1987)]. 261 97

Biotypes of Aeromonas spp. correlated well with enterotoxin production in a study of 174 strains. Using biochemical characteristics determined by conventional methods and multitest systems, we correctly classified 93% of the strains with regard to enterotoxin production. Most of the enterotoxigenic strains were Voges-Proskauer (VP) positive and did not hydrolyze arabinose, but VP-positive strains which hydrolyzed arabinose were mainly non-enterotoxigenic. Aeromonas punctata subsp. caviae, which is VP negative and does not oxidize gluconate or produce gas from glucose, was non-enterotoxigenic. Although the number of other VP-negative strains was small, most were enterotoxigenic. Discrimination was improved so that 97% of the strains were correctly classified if the hemolysin assay was used either for all strains or for only the VP-positive, arabinose-positive and VP-negative, non-A. punctata subsp. caviae strains. Because the proposed classification system does not require facilities for carrying out in vivo assays such as suckling mouse or ileal loop methods, the identification of enterotoxigenic Aeromonas strains should be possible in diagnostic laboratories and will facilitate epidemiological studies of the role of these organisms in acute diarrhea.
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PMID:Biochemical characteristics of enterotoxigenic Aeromonas spp. 676 76

An attempt was made to delineate the phenotypic markers for the detection of enterotoxigenic strains of Aeromonas. Eighteen Aeromonas species comprising one isolate of A. hydrophila, six isolates of A. sobria and 11 isolates of A. caviae were obtained from 379 children suffering from acute diarrhoea in Chennai. Nine of these isolates inclusive of three A. sobria and six A. caviae were found to produce secretory response in vitro in the rabbit intestinal mucosa mounted in the Ussing chambers as revealed by significant increases in the short circuit current. Eleven strains hydrolysed aesculin, 8 fermented arabinose, 6 produced acetyl methyl carbinol, 14 produced lysine decarboxylase, 3 fermented salicin, 9 produced beta-haemolysin, 9 produced CAMP-like factor and only two isolates took up congo red dye. None of these phenotypic traits were found to correlate with the in vitro secretory activity.
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PMID:Biochemical characteristics & secretory activity of Aeromonas species isolated from children with gastroenteritis in Chennai. 1040 60

Chronic diarrhoea of the adult is defined as diarrhea during 30 days or longer. Frequent causes of chronic diarrhea in the immunocompetent adult without recent travel to developing countries are noninfectious processes, including laxatives misuse, diseases causing chronic maldigestion, osmotically active artificial sweeteners (i.e. sorbitol), hormonal disorders or drugs with intestinal side effects. Infectious agents as the cause of chronic diarrhea are important in two populations, namely in travelers returning from tropical countries bearing a significant risk of intestinal parasitic infections and in immunocompromised patients, especially AIDS patients with CD4 cell counts below 50 per microliter. Intestinal parasites and C. difficile, Y. enterocolitica, Shigellae and Cytomegalovirus are the most important causative agents of chronic diarrhea. Intestinal pathogens were identified in 46% of chronic, but only in 16.5% of acute diarrhea episodes of HIV-infected patients. An extensive medical history including recent travel as well as the detailed characteristics of onset of symptoms and of their time course is essential for the diagnosis. All patients should have a complete differential blood count, ESR, determination of electrolytes, liver enzymes, creatinine, blood glucose, and serum albumin. Tests to exclude hyperthyriodism, or pancreatic insufficiency as well as a d-xylose absorption test can be included, if appropriate. Microbiological-parasitological investigations are obligatory in patients with chronic diarrhea returning from countries with increased risk of traveler diarrhea, in cases of suspected immunodeficiency, if sudden onset of symptoms with fever is reported, after antibiotic treatment, and in children below six years of age. As a rule, stool specimens are appropriate, for the detection of cytomegalovirus colonic biopsies are necessary. In the latter case colonosigmoidoscopy has no diagnostic advantage. One single stool specimen is sufficient for the detection of bacteria or toxins, in contrast to parasitological investigations, where only three consecutive specimens provide sufficient diagnostic sensitivity.
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PMID:[Chronic diarrhea: value of microbiology in diagnosis]. 1106 10

We report an outbreak of acute diarrhoea due to Aeromonas sobria in Benghazi which occurred during a 1-month period in 1997. Of 69 patients admitted with acute gastroenteritis, 28 were positive for A. sobria based on the production of gas from glucose, the production of acetoin, hydrogen sulfide and lysine decarboxylase and on aesculin hydrolysis and fermentation of arabinose and salicin. The strains were sensitive to chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, tetracycline and gentamicin but resistant to ampicillin and carbenicillin. We were unable to trace the source of the infection.
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PMID:An outbreak of acute gastroenteritis due to Aeromonas sobria in Benghazi, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya. 1155 43