Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Pivot Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Target Concepts:
Gene/Protein
Disease
Symptom
Drug
Enzyme
Compound
Query: UMLS:C0740441 (
acute diarrhea
)
2,275
document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)
Objective:
To investigate prevalence of
acute diarrhea
in Shanghai and analyze virulence associated-genes and antibiotic resistance of major enteropathogens using combination of conventional and molecular epidemiology methods.
Method:
The 412 stool specimens were obtained by systematic sampling from diarrhea patients throughout entire year 2016. Bacterial and viral pathogens were identified and bacterial isolates were cultured and screened for antibiotic resistance profiles. Two most prevalent bacteria,
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
and
Salmonella
were further typed by multi-locus sequence typing (MLST) and analyzed for presence of virulence-associated genes. The association between virulence genes, resistance phenotypes and genetic diversities was analyzed.
Results:
Among stool specimens testing positive for pathogens (23.1%), 59 bacterial and 36 viral pathogens were identified.
V. parahaemolyticus
(27/412, 6.6%),
Salmonella
(23/412, 5.6%) and norovirus GII (21/412, 5.1%) were three most-commonly found. Most bacterial isolates exhibited high levels of antibiotic resistance with high percentage of
MDR
. The drug resistance rates of
V. parahaemolyticus
and
Salmonella
isolates to cephalosporins were high, such as 100.0 and 34.8% to CFX, 55.6 and 43.4% to CTX, 92.6 and 95.7% to CXM, respectively. The most common resistance combination of
V. parahaemolyticus
and
Salmonella
was cephalosporins and quinolone. The dominant sequence types (STs) of
V. parahaemolyticus
and
Salmonella
were ST3 (70.4%) and ST11 (43.5%), respectively. The detection rates of virulence genes in
V. parahaemolyticus
were
tlh
(100%) and
tdh
(92.6%), without
trh
and
ureR
. Most of the
Salmonella
isolates were positive for the
Salmonella
pathogenicity islands (SPIs) genes (87-100%), and some for
Salmonella
plasmid virulence (SPV) genes (34.8% for
spvA
and
spvB
, 43.5% for
spvC
). In addition, just like the drug resistance, virulence genes exhibited wide-spread distribution among the different STs albeit with some detectable frequency linkage among
Salmonella
STs.
Conclusion:
Bacterial infections are still the major cause of severe diarrheas in Shanghai. The most common bacteria
V. parahaemolyticus
and
Salmonella
show molecular characteristics consistent with preselection of highly virulent types with exceedingly high level of antibiotic resistance.
...
PMID:Molecular and Conventional Analysis of Acute Diarrheal Isolates Identifies Epidemiological Trends, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles of Common Enteropathogens in Shanghai. 2955 17
