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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the treatment of infants with acute diarrhoea complicated by mild to moderate dehydration, there is a great importance of rapid rehydration over 3-4 hours with oral rehydration solution containing 60 mmol/l sodium and then the rapid reintroduction of normal diet or breast feeding which should be continued all the time if possible. The pharmacological treatment of diarrhoea is not justified. In the present study which was part of a European multicentre survey using questionnaires the authors analysed how the recommendation of European Society of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition are followed in Hungary. It was evaluated 131 returned questionnaires, 80 of primary care and 51 of hospital-based pediatricians. The overwhelming majority of pediatricians (92%) recommended the oral rehydration at the beginning of treatment. The four fifth of them use the ORS with recommended composition. Only 31% of them use rapid oral rehydration over 3-4 hours. Merely 10% of them suggest the early reintroduction of normal feeding after the oral rehydration, while more than half of the respondent pediatricians (52%) think that temporarily the use of lactose free formula is justified. It is a very favourable fact that 84% of doctors recommend the continuation of breast feeding. Some kind of drugs for the treatment of diarrhoea is suggested by 15% of repliers. On the base of results it is obvious that the guidelines for the treatment of acute diarrhoea in infancy is complied only partially in Hungary and the reintroduction of normal feeding is delayed.
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PMID:[Treatment of infants with acute diarrhea in Hungary]. 1121 59

To study the influence of high-lactose probiotic-containing formula on the course of acute diarrhea, an experiment using a randomized controlled clinical trial with patients having acute diarrhea for 3 days was conducted. One hundred patients were allocated into two groups that were comparable for age, sex, and nutritional status. The test group was administered high-lactose Bifidobacterium bifidum-containing formula, while the control group had no high-lactose probiotic until the end of the experiment. The degree of subsequent diarrhea and recovery were monitored in both groups. The results for the test and control groups were analyzed and compared using the chi-square test and Fisher exact test with a significance level (alpha) of 0.05. The study results revealed that there was no significant difference between the test and control groups (p>0.05) as well as at positive clinical test (13%) and positive floating test (65%). However, the patients receiving probiotic-containing formula had significantly less frequency of stools, when compared with the control group (p<0.05).
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PMID:Management of infant diarrhea with high-lactose probiotic-containing formula. 1511 98

The aim of this study was to document the changing clinical profile and prognosis of acute diarrhea in infants. This was a prospective observational study with follow-up. Demographic, anthropometric, and clinical data were collected in children younger than 1 year with acute diarrhea. Stool was examined under the microscope, cultured, tested for presence of reducing substance and occult blood, and subjected to electrophoresis to detect rotavirus infection. Thirty-one (91.2%) of the 34 infants were breastfed, 18 exclusively and 13 partially. Twenty-three had rotavirus infection and had slower nutritional recovery than others. There was no difference in the incidence of rotavirus infection between exclusively and partially breastfed infants. Continuation of feeds containing lactose did not affect prognosis, though 23 (67.6%) infants had reducing substance in stool. We documented a high incidence of rotavirus infection, which negatively affected growth of infants by some ill-defined mechanism. Failure of exclusive breastfeeding to protect against rotavirus infection highlights the need for universal rotavirus vaccination. Lactose malabsorption detected in many infants did not affect prognosis after acute diarrhea.
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PMID:A prospective study of rotavirus diarrhea in children under 1 year of age. 1755 40

The prognosis of acute diarrhoea in infants is most often satisfactory in industrialized countries. However, it has been estimated that 10 to 15 children die every year in France from acute dehydration due to acute diarrhoea. In spite of an increasing use over the least few years, oral rehydration solutions (ORS) are used in only 70% of infants presenting with acute diarrhoea. The use of homemade ORS, plain water or fizzy drink should be strictly avoided. In case of acute diarrhoea there is no indication to stop breastfeeding or the use of infant formula for more than 4 hours. Lactose intolerance is observed in only 5-10% of infants. Lactose free formulae should only be used in infants with severe, persistent or recurrent diarrhoea. Under 3-4 months of age, infants with severe diarrhoea should receive for a period of 2-4 weeks lactose free protein hydrolysate formulae. Racecadotril is the only drug with anti-diarrheal properties, with a reduction of the stool output of 50%. Oral antibiotics should only be used in case of Shigella infection or in case of bacterial infection with severe sepsis or underlying debilitating disease. Oral Rotavirus vaccine, that is not reimbursed yet in France, has been shown to dramatically reduce the number of severe cases of diarrhoea with dehydration, and has been associated with a striking reduction of both morbidity and mortality, as well as of the number of hospitalisations during periods of epidemics.
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PMID:[Prevention and treatment of acute diarrhea in infants]. 1762 85

A randomized double blind clinical trial was conducted to assess the efficacy of a special infant formula containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus LMG P-22799 (probiotic: 5 x 10(8) CFU/100mL), inulin (prebiotic: 0.15 g/100mL), dietary fiber (soy polysaccharides: 0.2 g/100mL) and increased amounts of zinc+iron (+0.4 and +0.6 mg/100mL, respectively) as active ingredients for the early dietary management of 58 Indonesian well-nourished male infants aged 3-12 months suffering from acute diarrhea with moderate dehydration. After adequate oral rehydration, the patients were randomly assigned to receive either a low lactose infant formula supplemented with added precooked rice (1.5 g/100mL) with the above active ingredients (study group) or a low lactose infant formula with added precooked rice without the above active ingredient supplement (control group). No antibiotic, anti-secretory drug or antiemetic was given at all. Both study and control groups showed similar outcomes for weight gain and stool weight. The duration of diarrhea was significantly shorter in the study group than in the control group (1.63 versus 2.45 days; p<0.05; for the study and control group respectively). No treatment failure or other side effects were observed during the course of the study. The present study supports the evidence for the efficacy of a special anti-diarrhea infant formula containing probiotic, prebiotic, fiber and iron+zinc after oral rehydration by shortening the duration of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. However, from the results of our study we cannot discern the individual contribution of the active ingredients and also not whether they may act independent from each other or in a synergistic way.
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PMID:The effect of early nutritional supplementation with a mixture of probiotic, prebiotic, fiber and micronutrients in infants with acute diarrhea in Indonesia. 1770 24

Acute gastroenteritis remains a common and often severe illness among infants and children throughout the world. The management of a child with acute diarrhea includes rehydration and maintenance fluids with oral rehydration solutions (ORS), combined with continued age-appropriate nutrition. However, although substantial data support the role of continued nutrition in improving gastrointestinal function and anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical outcomes, the practice of continued feeding during diarrheal episodes has been difficult to establish as accepted standard of care. Recommendations for maintenance dietary therapy depend on the age and diet history of the patient. It has been clear for many years that, when affected by gastroenteritis, breastfed infants should be continued on breast milk without any need for interruption and, by that way, will get faster recovery and improved nutrition. Moreover, many well-conducted studies have provided evidence that in formula-fed children not severely dehydrated, a rapid return to full feeding is well tolerated. Lactose intolerance and/or secondary cow's milk allergy are not a clinical concern for the vast majority of patients. In fact early refeeding i.e resumption of normal diet, in amounts sufficient to satisfy energy and nutrient requirements, should be the rule. However, in children younger than 6 months of age, the lack of suitable studies must lead to caution and use of specific lactose-free or extensively hydrolysate formulae, especially in case of severe and/or prolonged diarrhea. Several studies support the use of zinc supplementation or probiotics for acute diarrhea but some doubts persist in infant in developed countries.
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PMID:[Feeding infants and young children with acute diarrhea]. 1796 12

Probiotics have been proposed for the management and prevention of acute diarrhoea in infants. A double-blind, randomised, placebo controlled study was carried out in 224 Chinese infants 6 to 36 months of age with severe acute diarrhoea and free from moderate or severe malnutrition. After oral or parenteral rehydration, they were allocated to one of three groups: a lactose-free formula (Control); the same formula but with viable 10(8)CFU B. lactis Bb12 and 5x10(7)CFU St. thermophilus TH4 per gram of powder and, the same formula with the same microorganisms, but with 10(9)CFU/g and 5x10(8)CFU, respectively. Anthropometric parameters, duration of the diarrhoea and rotavirus shedding were evaluated. Eighty seven percent of the episodes were associated with rotavirus infection. The duration of the diarrhoea was not influenced by the intake of probiotics. However, a decrease of rotavirus shedding was observed in infants fed the formula with 10(9) Bb12/g, a finding of probable epidemiological importance in the transmission of this agent.
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PMID:Effect of a lactose-free milk formula supplemented with bifidobacteria and streptococci on the recovery from acute diarrhoea. 1836 23

We conducted this study to determine the prescribing practices of doctors in management of acute diarrhea in children in the age group of 6 month -5 year. Antimotility agents and low/zero lactose formula was prescibed in 9.8% and 24.7% cases, respectively by general practitioners. In about 66.6% and 5.7% cases pre/probiotics were prescribed and oral rehydration salt (ORS) were not prescribed by the pediatricians.
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PMID:Prescribing practices of doctors in management of acute diarrhea. 2208 Jun 86

The aim of this study was to analyze Georgian health care practitioners' knowledge on management of acute diarrhea and its adherence to WHO treatment guidelines. A questionnaire-based, cross-sectional survey was carried out in hospitals and out-patient clinics of Georgia. 350 anonymously filled questionnaires were analyzed (27% - hospitals, 73% - out-patient clinics). Majority (65%) of interviewees defined diarrhea correctly, 74% correctly named main signs of dehydrations and classified severity of dehydration, 26% mixed up signs of moderate and severe dehydration. About 90% uses ORS during diarrhea, but only 51% follow WHO recommendations about fast rehydration. The most of responding staff (78%) don't know the benefits of low osmolarity ORS. 42% pediatricians who work at the hospital use IV rehydration in case of moderate dehydration. 78% of medical staff named recommended IV fluids either Ringer lactate solution or Normal saline, but 22% still choose 5-10% Dextrose solution. Almost all doctors (94%) use probiotics, either as monotherapy (22%) or in combination (78%). 35% of physicians prescribe antiemetics, 27% antidiarrheals, 45% antimicrobial drugs, from those 65% uses antibiotics only in case of presence of blood in stool. The majority of medical staff don't use Zinc. Study revealed that most respondents advise continuation of breastfeeding, in case of bottle feeding 32% prescribe lactose free formula, while others continue normal diet. In elder children some restrictions in diet is still in practice. The study revealed that primary level health care representatives adhered to the WHO recommendations better, than hospital doctors, that was statistically significant. The findings show a moderate adherence to standard treatment guidelines of diarrhea. The recommendations on using ORS and continuation of breast-feeding are most followed. The most problematic issues are excessive use of antibiotics and IV fluids, no use of zinc, unnecessary use of antidiarheals and antiemetics. To improve case management of acute diarrhea, continuing professional development program targeting the practitioners is necessary.
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PMID:Correspondence of treatment of acute diarrhea to who recommendations in georgia. 2220 Oct 80

Probiotic ingestion is recommended as a preventive approach to maintain the balance of the intestinal microbiota and to enhance the human well-being. During the whole life of each individual, the gut microbiota composition could be altered by lifestyle, diet, antibiotic therapies and other stress conditions, which may lead to acute and chronic disorders. Hence, probiotics can be administered for the prevention or treatment of some disorders, including lactose malabsorption, acute diarrhoea, irritable bowel syndrome, necrotizing enterocolitis and mild forms of inflammatory bowel disease. The probiotic-mediated effect is an important issue that needs to be addressed in relation to strain-specific probiotic properties. In this work, the probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains were screened, and their effects in vitro were evaluated. They were screened for probiotic properties by determining their tolerance to low pH and to bile salts, antibiotic sensitivity, antimicrobial activity and vitamin B8, B9 and B12 production, and by considering their ability to increase the antioxidant potential and to modulate the inflammatory status of systemic-miming cell lines in vitro. Three out of the examined strains presenting the most performant probiotic properties, as Lactobacillus plantarum PBS067, Lactobacillus rhamnosus PBS070 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis PBSO75, were evaluated for their effects also on human intestinal HT-29 cell line. The obtained results support the possibility to move to another level of study, that is, the oral administration of these probiotical strains to patients with acute and chronic gut disorders, by in vivo experiments.
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PMID:Evaluation of the probiotic properties of new Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium strains and their in vitro effect. 2574 47


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