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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A nosocomial diarrhea outbreak caused by Escherichia coli 0153: H45, which produces a thermostable enterotoxin, in five neonates admitted to the neonatology ward of the pediatric service of the Valencia University Hospital is described. The outbreak was discovered during a prospective study lasting eight months and aimed at evaluating the importance of Escherichia coli with enterotoxic capacity in acute infant diarrhea within our environment. The study involved conventional enterotoxigenicity tests applied both in vivo and in vitro. One of the patients, admitted with acute diarrhea was the source of the outbreak, with a possible person to person transmission. The diarrhea was slight to moderate. Emphasis is placed on the importance of this type of diarrhea in developed countries, and the problem is analyzed by reviewing its situation to the present.
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PMID:[Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli: description of a nosocomial diarrhea outbreak]. 328 25

A series of O:H serotypes of E. coli were incriminated by epidemiologic studies in the period 1945-1960 as a cause of epidemic diarrhea in infant nurseries as well as a major cause of sporadic infant diarrhea in the community. The term enteropathogenic E. coli was coined to refer to these infant diarrhea-associated serotypes. In the early 1970s, with the advent of laboratory tests to assess heat-labile and heat-stable enterotoxin production and enteroinvasiveness of E. coli, the classic serotype enteropathogenic E. coli strains were found to lack those particular properties. These observations led some to question their pathogenicity. However, since 1978, enteropathogenic E. coli have come to be appreciated anew as a separate class of diarrheagenic E. coli that cause diarrhea by distinct pathogenic mechanisms. The pathogenesis of these strains, which have been shown to cause diarrhea in volunteers, appears to involve both an enteroadhesiveness step and production of a toxin identical to Shigella toxin. A 55- to 65-Mdalton plasmid is involved in the attachment of enteropathogenic E. coli to intestinal mucosa which results in a pathognomonic histopathologic lesion visualized by electron microscopy. The lesion involves dissolution of enterocyte microvilli by the bacteria, effacement of the enterocyte outer membrane, and formation of a pedestal around the bacterium at point of contact with the outer membrane of the enterocyte. Case-control epidemiologic studies carried out since 1975 document that enteropathogenic E. coli remain an important cause of sporadic infant diarrhea in the community with up to 30 per cent of cases of acute diarrhea in young infants in Brazil and South Africa being attributed to these pathogens. Although nursery epidemics of enteropathogenic E. coli diarrhea have virtually disappeared from industrialized countries, some sporadic enteropathogenic E. coli diarrhea in infants in the community continues to occur. The relative importance of enteropathogenic E. coli as a cause of sporadic diarrhea in both industrialized and developing countries needs to be reassessed. New diagnostic techniques are awaited to simplify this task.
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PMID:Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli of classic serotypes associated with infant diarrhea: epidemiology and pathogenesis. 638 3

Breast-feeding promotion is an important intervention for the control of infant diarrhoea. This study assesses the impact of a breast-feeding counselling programme on the prevalence of exclusive breast feeding in rural communities in Nigeria. Mothers attending primary care facilities because their infants had acute diarrhoea were randomised into two groups. The study group (n = 82) received individual, focused breast-feeding counselling, while the controls (n = 79) had routine advice for diarrhoea. Both groups were monitored and followed with home visits to determine infant-feeding practices. The results showed marked increases in exclusive breast-feeding prevalence for the intervention group at day 7 (49% vs. 6% control; p < 0.0001) and day 21 (46% vs. 8%; p < 0.0001). Moreover, diarrhoea re-occurrence at day 21 was less in the intervention group (12%) than controls (18%). It is concluded that focused breast-feeding counselling can increase exclusive breast feeding and reduce the prevalence of diarrhoea in rural communities.
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PMID:Breast-feeding promotion in a diarrhoea programme in rural communities. 947 80

The present study carried out in the Saint Camille Medical Centre of Ouagadougou and related to the prevalence of Rotaviruses, Adenoviruses and enteric parasites infections among HIV-seropositive and HIV-seronegative children allowed to include 66 children aged from 2 to 60 months presenting acute diarrhea. The results revealed that 10.60% were infected by HIV. Stool samples analysis by direct microscopy and immunochromatographic tests (Rota-strip and Adeno-strip) showed 42.42% of global infections, among these, 18.18% parasitic infections and 24.24% viral infections, predominantly rotaviruses (22.73 and 1.52% for Rotaviruses and Adenoviruses, respectively). Among parasitic infections, Protozoan were most common than Helminthes (12.12% versus 6.06%). According to present results, Rotaviruses appeared as the major etiological agents in children aged from 2 to 11 months. However high rate of protozoan and helminthes was found in children aged from 12 to 60 months. Thus, virus, particularly Rotavirus must be painstaking as the principal etiologic agent of infant diarrhea in our country.
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PMID:Prevalence of rotavirus, adenovirus and enteric parasites among pediatric patients attending Saint Camille Medical Centre in Ouagadougou. 1908 83