Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To determine the extent of protection from breast feeding against acute diarrhoea, a cross-sectional study was conducted in rural areas in a western region of Ethiopia, Gamo-Gofa. The standard cluster sampling technique promoted by WHO/CDD Program was used. We employed trained and supervised health workers (physicians nurses, and sanitarians) as interviewers, and a pretested questionnaire was utilized for the purpose. Among a total of 3002 children under the age of 5 years surveyed for diarrhoeal disease morbidity, mortality, and treatment rates, all those 6 months of age and less (n = 331) were taken as subjects to examine the trends of breast feeding and their association with the occurrence of acute diarrhoeal diseases. It was found that out of these 331 infants, 217 (66 per cent) were exclusively breast-fed and 114 (34 per cent) were partially breast-fed. No one in the study group was fully weaned. Out of those who were exclusively breast-fed (n = 217), 25 (12 per cent) had diarrhoea which started within the past 2 weeks of the survey. Among those partially breast-fed (n = 114), 46 (40 per cent) had diarrhoea. The difference in the occurrence of diarrhoea among exclusively and partially breast-fed infants was statistically significant (P less than 0.0001). When infants with partial breast feeding were contrasted with those on exclusive breast feeding, a relative risk of developing diarrhoea of 5.2 (95 per cent confidence interval 3.00, 9.10) was obtained. It is recommended that breast feeding which tends to diminish with urbanization be promoted as one important intervention of the control of diarrhoeal diseases.
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PMID:Patterns of breast feeding in western Ethiopia and their relationship to acute diarrhoea in infants. 221 83

This article highlights the conclusions and recommendations of the 5th meeting of the Technical Advisory Group of the World Health Organization (WHO) Diarrheal Diseases Control (CDD) Program held in March 1984. On the basis of clinical trials supported by the CDD Program, WHO has endorsed use of oral rehydration salts (ORS) containing trisodium citrate dihydrate in place of sodium bicarbonate. Although the bicarbonate formulation remains highly effective and may continue to be used, the citrate formula results in less stool output and is more stable under tropical climatic conditions. At its meeting, the Technical Advisory Group expressed satisfaction with progress in the health services and research components of the program's activities. By 1983, 72 countries or areas had formulated plans of operation for national CDD programs and 52 had actually implemented programs. Training courses directed at program managers, first-line supervisors, and middle-level health workers are held on a regular basis. 38 developing countries are now producing ORS. Another area of activity has involved development of a management information system to monitor progress toward the target of increased access to and use of oral rehydration therapy for diarrhea in children under 1 year of age. Data from 40 countries indicate that access to ORS was 6-10% in 1982 and usage was 1-4%. There have been reviews of 10 national CDD programs, 7 of which utilized a joint national-external team to collect and analyze information on the management and impact of the CDD program. During 1983, 71 new research projects were funded by the CDD program, bringing the total number of projects supported to 231 (59% in developing countries). Biomedical research has focused on development of more stable and effective ORS; the etiology and epidemiology of acute diarrhea: and development and evaluation of new diagnostic tests, vaccines, and antidiarrheal drugs. In 1982-83, the CDD program received US$1.4 million from WHO and about US$11 million from voluntary contributors. The 1984-85 budget has been set at US$19.7 million.
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PMID:News from WHO's Diarrhoeal Diseases Control Programme. 652 83