Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the effect of copper supplementation during recovery from acute diarrhea, we randomly assigned 14 hospitalized infants to receive either 80 micrograms copper sulfate.kg body wt-1.d-1 or a placebo. Metabolic balance and plasma copper and zinc concentrations were measured before randomization (period 1) and 6 d after admission (period 2). Fifteen control subjects were studied after respiratory illness. Fecal copper was not affected by supplementation; fecal zinc during period 2 rose significantly only in the copper-supplemented group. Copper retention was significantly higher in the supplemented infants; plasma concentrations increased for period 2 but were similar to those in the placebo group. Zinc concentrations improved over time in both groups but zinc retention was higher in the placebo group for period 2. A significant interference by copper supplementation on zinc absorption was noted. Copper supplementation during the early phase of recovery from diarrhea is not recommended.
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PMID:Oral copper supplementation: effect on copper and zinc balance during acute gastroenteritis in infants. 234 23

To evaluate the magnitude of copper and zinc losses during acute diarrhea requiring hospitalization, we studied 14 infants, 3 to 14 months of age, and compared them with a control group of 15 infants of similar age, birth weight, and nutritional status. Metabolic balance studies were conducted in the study group during an initial 48 hours (period 1) and on days 6 and 7 after admission (period 2). The control group was studied after recovery from respiratory disease. Copper and zinc content of feces, urine, and food samples was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Mean (+/- SD) fecal losses were higher for period 1 in the diarrhea group than in control subjects: Cu 55.7 +/- 21.2 versus 28.8 +/- 6.7 micrograms/kg/body weight/day (p less than 0.01); Zn 159.4 +/- 59.9 versus 47.4 +/- 6.4 micrograms/kg/day (p less than 0.0001). For period 2, Zn losses were similar in both groups, but Cu balance remained negative only in the study group. Retention of Zn for the study group went from -21.2 +/- 46.7 in period 1 to 204.5 +/- 103.0 micrograms/kg/day in period 2 (p less than 0.0001), and fecal weight decreased from 70.5 +/- 20.6 in period 1 to 36.8 +/- 20.0 gm/kg/day in period 2. Fecal weight and fecal losses were correlated: r = 0.71 (p less than 0.01) for Cu and r = 0.81 (p less than 0.001) for Zn. Plasma mean Cu and Zn levels were low in period 1 but rose in period 2, especially for Zn. A negative correlation was found between fecal Zn losses and plasma Zn: r = 0.74 (p less than 0.001). We conclude that acute diarrhea leads to Cu and Zn depletion and that plasma levels and Cu balance remain abnormal a week after admission.
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PMID:Trace mineral balance during acute diarrhea in infants. 341 89

The members of the genus Aeromonas are currently considered important gastrointestinal pathogens in different geographical areas. From February 1985 to January 2005 several case-control studies were coordinated by the National Reference Laboratory for Diarrheal Diseases from the Pedro Kouri Institute. The study purpose was to analyze a possible pathogenic role for Aeromonas spp in Cuban children with acute diarrhea. In that period 2,322 children less than 5 years old with acute diarrhea were studied for diarhoeal pathogens and another group of 2,072 non hospitalized children without diarrhea during the similar time from the same geographical areas and matched by ages were recruited. In the group of children with diarrheas (cases), Aeromonas spp. was isolated in 166 (7.15%) and in the control group the microorganism was found in only 35 (1.76%). When Aeromonas isolation rates were compared between both groups, we found that probability to isolate this specie was significantly higher in cases than in controls (OR = 4.48, 95% IC: 3.05-6.60; P < 0.001). The Aeromonas species more frequently isolated were A. caviae, A. hydrophila, and A. veronii bv sobria. Other enteric pathogens detected in children with diarrhea were: Shigella spp in 418 (18%) (P < 0.0001), Salmonella spp in 53 (2.3%) (P < 0.01), and enteropathogenic E. coli in 58 (2.49%) (P < 0.05).
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PMID:[Aeromonas spp asociated to acute diarrheic disease in Cuba: case-control study]. 2255 11

Noroviruses, an important cause of acute gastroenteritis, possess a highly divergent genome which was classified into five genogroups and dozens of genotypes. However, changes in genotype distribution over time were poorly understood, particularly in developing countries. We therefore conducted a molecular epidemiological study which characterized the norovirus strains detected in 4437 Nepalese children with acute diarrhea between November 2005 and January 2011 to gain insight into how their genotypes changed over time. Of the 356 samples positive for noroviruses, 277 (78%) were successfully genotyped into 22 capsid genotypes; GII.4 (n=113), GII.3 (n=38) and GII.13 (n=37) were the majority. Interestingly, GII.13 accounted for only 1.7% (4/230) between 2005 and 2008 (period 1) but increased substantially to 26.2% (33/126) between 2009 and 2011 (period 2). Phylogenetic analysis of the VP1 nucleotide sequences of 35 GII.13 strains indicated that they clustered into two lineages named NPL2008 and NPL2009 to which two period 1 strains and 33 period 2 strains belonged, respectively. Lineage NPL2009 contained GII.13 strains that were detected in a large-scale gastroenteritis outbreak in Germany in 2012. Both Nepalese and German VP1 sequences carried two substitutions, H378N and V394Q, in the putative histo-blood group antigen (HBGA)-binding sites. As to the polymerase genotypes of Nepalese strains, the period 1 strains possessed GII.Pm, but the period 2 strains possessed GII.P13, GII.P16, and GII.P21. Together with recent reports on the predominance of GII.P13/GII.13 and GII.P16/GII.13 in India and GII.P16/GII.13 in European countries, this study predicts that genotype GII.13 which was previously regarded as a minor genotype has a potential to become an epidemiologically important genotype.
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PMID:Molecular epidemiology of noroviruses detected in Nepalese children with acute diarrhea between 2005 and 2011: increase and predominance of minor genotype GII.13. 2549 51