Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In order to assess and characterize adynamic ileus (AI) complicating acute diarrhoea (AD) in infants, 802 consecutive admissions were studied. Diagnosis was suspected in 23 patients with abdominal distension and confirmed by radiological study in 16 whose age range was 14 ds to 6 mo. Of these late patients, 9/16 were malnourished. Age was less than, but nutritional status similar to that of all patients admitted with ADD. Vomiting (14/16), silent or almost silent abdomen (10/16), protracted course of diarrhoea (9/16) and increased gastric content (6/16) were the most common clinical findings in addition to abdominal distension and X Ray films suggestive of AI (inclusion criteria). Lack of constipation was a relevant finding. Treatment included temporal discontinuance of oral feedings, intravenous fluids administration, nasogastric and rectal tube and antibiotics. Lethality rate was 4/16. Duration of AI was an average of 2 days in survivors and 4 days in the remainder infants. It is concluded that AI is an infrequent complication of AD (0.19% of cases), which should be suspected in infants less that 6 mo old with diarrhoea and abdominal distension.
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PMID:[Manifestations of paralytic ileus in infants hospitalized for acute diarrheal syndrome]. 215 17

A clinical trial was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of a new oral rehydration solution (ORS) with that of the ORS recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). One hundred thirty infants with dehydration due to acute diarrhea were randomized into two groups: 68 infants received the WHO ORS containing sodium and glucose in a concentration of 90 and 111 mmol/L, respectively, and an osmolality of 311 mosm/kg (ORS-90); 62 infants received an ORS containing sodium and glucose in a concentration of 60 and 90 mmol/L, respectively, with an osmolality of 240 mosm/kg (ORS-60). Treatment failure was noted in seven infants (10.3%) in the ORS-90 group; the causes of failure were high stool output (three cases), persistent vomiting (three cases), and ileus (one case). Only one patient in the ORS-60 group (1.6%) was considered a failure because of high stool output. No significant differences were noted in the serum sodium levels in either group of patients, both in relation to the natremia seen on admittance or that seen after rehydration. A trend was observed toward correction of hypernatremia or hyponatremia with both types of ORS. A similar situation was observed with respect to the variations seen in serum potassium levels. The results from this study suggest that there may be clinical advantages of using an ORS with concentrations of sodium and glucose and a total osmolality lower than that of ORS-90, because of the lower incidence of treatment failures.
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PMID:Clinical experience in Mexico with a new oral rehydration solution with lower osmolality. 234 May 39

This study was designed to assess the effect of loperamide, given to infants in higher than recommended doses, on the severity and duration of acute diarrhea. Thirty infants with acute diarrhea and dehydration were given loperamide (0.8 mg/kg/day), in addition to standard fluid therapy, for 48 hours after admission to the hospital. The stool output in grams per kilograms of body weight per day and the duration of diarrhea in these infants were compared with those in 30 matched control infants receiving only standard fluid therapy. Two infants given loperamide had to be withdrawn from the trial because ileus developed in one and the other had persistent severe vomiting. In four other infants receiving loperamide, drowsiness developed but resolved rapidly on discontinuation of the drug. Infants receiving loperamide had a shorter duration of diarrhea (median 2.5 vs 6.0 days) and lower daily stool output than the control subjects had. The study confirmed the efficacy of loperamide in reducing the duration and severity of diarrhea but raised doubts regarding its safety in the treatment of young infants.
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PMID:Effect of loperamide on stool output and duration of acute infectious diarrhea in infants. 200 49

Intestinal hypomotility is a common late complication in infants with acute diarrhoeal disease in pakistan. Among the infants admitted to our gastrointestinal unit with a history of acute diarrhoea, 35% developed abdominal distension and 12% developed the full clinical picture of paralytic ileus. The infants with ileus were treated with decompression and total parenteral nutrition; in this group the mortality rate was 25%. We compared 30 infants who developed ileus (group A) with an age-matched control group of infants (group B) who were admitted because of acute diarrhoea but did not develope ileus. The use of antimotility drugs was significantly more frequent in group A. Serum-K was not different in in group A (3.92 +/- 0.22 mmol/l) and group B (4.32 +/- 0.18 mmol/1). However, there were more patients who had serum-K below 3 mmol/l in group A (8/30) than in group B (5/30). We conclude that the use of antimotility drugs predisposes to the development of ileus in infants with acute diarrhoea. Hypokalemia may contribute to ileus in a few cases but is generally not a prerequisite.
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PMID:Paralytic ileus, a serious complication in acute diarrhoea disease among infants in developing countries. 259 76

The management of acute diarrhea in infants with drugs is justified only where these drugs have specific interactions with the pathophysiologic mechanisms involved. Most of the infectious diarrheas are self-limited, many patients recover spontaneously. Antimicrobial drugs are only indicated if mucosal destruction takes place and symptoms of dysentery respectively inflammation are observed. Some authors propose to treat newborn and young infants in case of doubt. If antimicrobial drugs are given uncritically a selection of not obligatory microorganisms can occur, or the number of asymptomatic carriers increases. There is no confirmation that drugs like adsorbents (kaolin, pectin, charcoal) or lyophilized microorganisms have a therapeutic effect. In contrast morphine derivatives like loperamide act not only by slowing the intestinal motility but also by inhibiting the secretion mechanisms of the enterocyts. Nevertheless these drugs can not be recommended for infants since ileus symptoms have been observed.
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PMID:[Pharmacotherapy of acute infant enteritis]. 674 55