Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Escherichia coli adherent to HEp-2 and HeLa cells were isolated from the faeces of 43 (19.7%) of 218 hospitalised infants aged below 6 months with acute diarrhoea. No conventional virulence factors, including enterotoxin production--heat-labile (LT) or heat-stable (ST), the verotoxin (VT) or shiga-like toxin (SLT)--or the invasive phenotype (determined by the Sereny test) could be detected among these isolates. Out of the 43 isolates, 16 (37.2%) were of the known enteropathogenic O:K serogroups--enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC). The remaining 27 (62.8%) isolates showed different types of adherence to HEp-2 and HeLa cells which was diffuse (40.7%), localised (37.0%), or both (22.3%); they were identified as entero-adherent E. coli (EAEC). The EAEC isolates adhered to HEp-2 and HeLa cells in the presence of mannose, lactose, fucose, galactose, and fetuin, indicating that adhesion was not specific for these sugars or glycoprotein. Haemagglutination and the salt aggregation test (SAT) did not correlate with patterns of adherence. The results of this study indicate that LA-EAEC is an important aetiological agent of acute diarrhoea in infants aged below 6 months in Calcutta.
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PMID:Entero-adherent Escherichia coli is an important diarrhoeagenic agent in infants aged below 6 months in Calcutta, India. 137 93

Viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract constitute a major health problem during the first years of life. In addition to causing acute diarrhea, rotaviruses and other enteric viruses may be involved in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis and other neonatal enteric diseases. There are several potential methods for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal viral infections. Antiviral immune globulins, administered by the parenteral or oral route, might prove useful for the inhibition of intestinal viral replication. Alternatively, specific glycoprotein inhibitors of viral-cell binding might be used to prevent the productive infection of intestinal epithelial cells. In addition, since many enteric viruses require proteolytic enzymes for protein cleavage, protease inhibitors may prove to be effective agents for the inhibition of intestinal viral replication. At this point in time, these methods have proven useful for the inhibition of rotavirus infection in experimental animals. The successful application of these and other methods for the prevention of enteric infections in humans might substantially reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with enteric diseases.
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PMID:Immunoglobulins and other modalities for the prevention and treatment of enteric viral infections. 208 94

From March to September 1988 stool specimens of 101 hospitalized diarrhoeic infants and children, aged 1-24 months were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the presence of rotavirus antigen. This agent was found in 40 (40 per cent) of the 101 episodes of acute diarrhoea, and strains were both characterized by analysis of RNA in polyacrilamide gel and serotyped by ELISA using serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies. The highest frequency of rotavirus positivity was 80 per cent in the 16-18 month age group. All 11 (28 per cent) serotyped strains belonged to serotype 3 whereas absence of Vp7, the major outer capsid glycoprotein, did not allow serotyping in 29 (73 per cent) of the 40 rotavirus-positive specimens. Four distinct electrophoretypes were detected and the predominant one had the IbIIbIIIgIV a profile, accounting for 62 per cent of the classified strains. Unclear patterns did not allow us to determine the electrophoretype of six rotavirus strains. The clinical picture in study children was in general of moderate/severe nature.
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PMID:Rotavirus serotypes and electrophoretypes among children attending three paediatric hospitals in Belem, Brazil. 839 15

Fecal specimens from patients with acute diarrhea were collected from 10 prefectures in Japan over a 6-month period (November 1992 to April 1993), and the specimens that were negative for human group A rotaviruses were screened for the presence of human group C rotaviruses (CHRVs) by the reverse passive hemagglutination test. Of 784 specimens examined, 53 samples (6.8%) that were collected in 7 of 10 prefectures were positive for CHRV, indicating that CHRVs are widely distributed across Japan. Most of the CHRV isolates were detected in March and April, and CHRVs mainly prevailed in children ages 3 to 8 years. The genome electropherotypes of eight strains isolated in five individual prefectures were surprisingly similar to each other and were different from those of CHRV strains isolated to date. The outer capsid glycoprotein (VP7) gene homologies of the isolates retrieved in 1993 were subsequently analyzed by the dot blot hybridization method. As a result, the VP7 genes of the isolates revealed very high levels of homology not only with each other but also with the VP7 gene of the OK118 strain isolated in 1988. These results suggest that a large-scale outbreak of CHRV occurred during the winter of 1992 and 1993 in Japan.
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PMID:Survey of human group C rotaviruses in Japan during the winter of 1992 to 1993. 943 10

We have investigated the serotype-specific glycoprotein gene (VP7) of a short electropherotype and subgroup I rotavirus (ID 45/2) recovered from a child suffering from acute diarrhea. The nucleotide sequence of the human (ID 45/2) rotavirus genome segment 8/9, which encodes the serotype-specific glycoprotein (VP7) has been determined. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence of ID 45/2 to the sequences of other rotaviruses belonging to different serotypes (G1-14) revealed only 67-78% identity. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequence of ID 45/2 VP7 protein to the sequences of other VP7 proteins showed that the majority of the amino acid differences are clustered at the N-terminus (residues 1-49), with a positional shift of the initiation codons as well as possession of one stretch of hydrophobic signal peptide instead of two. On the basis of other rotaviral characteristics, such as the conserved cysteine and proline residues together with the potential glycosylation site, it is proposed that this local strain (ID 45/2) might represent a new subtype related to serotype G1. Dot blot hybridization using ID 45/2 cDNA as probe indicated the prevalence of this strain in Eastern India.
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PMID:Nucleotide sequence of the VP7 gene of human rotavirus isolated in Calcutta, India: possible emergence of a new subtype of serotype I. 982 Aug 47

Rotaviruses are the leading cause of severe gastroenteritis among infants and young children worldwide. Between November 2002 and March 2004, 36 stool specimens of 108 children with acute diarrhea in Bangkok, Thailand were found positive for Rotavirus A (RV-A) by RT-PCR. The 36 isolates were subjected to genotyping by RFLP analysis and direct sequencing of a part of the gene for major outer capsid glycoprotein VP7. The sequences obtained were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Among the isolates the genotypes G1 (5.6%), G2 (69.4 %) and G9 (25.0 %) were found. Comparison of these results with those of previous studies covering the period of 1982-1999 revealed a changing pattern of RV-A G genotypes and thus contributed to the understanding of RV-A epidemiology in Thailand. Any vaccine to be developed against this virus should target the G9 genotype as one of common global genotypes.
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PMID:The incidence of rotavirus a isolates of G genotype in Thailand in 2002-2004. 1604 38

Cryptosporidium parvum is a well-known intestinal parasite which is associated with severe acute diarrhea in humans and animals. This parasite is composed of morphologically identical but genetically different multiple genotypes. In humans, cryptosporidiosis is mainly caused by two C. parvum genotypes, human genotype (previously known as genotype 1 and recently proposed as new species C. hominis) and cattle genotype (previously known as genotype 2). However, recent molecular studies indicate the genetic heterogeneity among the isolates of C. parvum human or cattle genotype. Therefore, identification of the isolates at the subgenotype level is more useful for control of the Cryptosporidium infection or for understanding of the population structure of C. parvum genotypes. In the present study, we identified the subgenotypes of the C. parvum human or cattle genotype isolates from humans and animals in Japan using DNA sequencing analysis of the C. parvum 60-kDa glycoprotein gene (GP60) and showed the new subgenotype in a raccoon dog isolate. This study suggested that C. parvum cattle genotype might be composed of zoonotic and host-specific multiple subgenotypes.
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PMID:Subgenotype analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum isolates from humans and animals in Japan using the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene sequences. 1656 16

Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) causes a devastating enteric disease with acute diarrhea, dehydration and significant mortality in swine, thereby incurring heavy economic losses in Korea. Spike (S) glycoprotein has been suggested as an important determinant for PEDV biological properties. In this study, the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the partial S glycoprotein genes of Korean PEDV isolates, including epitope region that is capable of inducing PEDV-neutralizing antibodies, were determined. The partial S glycoprotein genes were amplified by RT-PCR, cloned, sequenced, and compared with each other as well as with reference PEDV strains. By phylogenetic analysis, the Korean PEDV isolates were divided into three groups (G1, G2, G3), which had three subgroups (G1-1, G1-2, G1-3). Group1 (G1) Korean PEDV isolates were highly homologous to CV777, Br1/87, JS-2004-2, KPED-9, P-5V, SM98-1, parent DR13, and attenuated DR13, group2 (G2) Korean PEDV isolates were highly homologous to Spk1, and group3 (G3) was Chinju99 at the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequence levels. In addition, the G1 Korean PEDV isolates didn't had several specific nucleotides and amino acids which were found in the G2 and G3 Korean PEDV isolates, and especially the G1-1 Korean PEDV isolates had specific nucleotides and amino acids which were not found in the G1-2, G1-3, G2, and G3 Korean PEDV isolates. It was suggested that many Korean PEDV isolates are closely related to the G1 including CV777, Br1/87, JS-2004-2, KPED-9, P-5 V, SM98-1, parent DR13, and attenuated DR13 rather than to the G2 and G3 including Spk1 and Chinju99, and notably more prevalent PEDVs isolated in Korea are especially close to the Chinese PEDV strain JS-2004-2 rather than Korean PEDV strains Spk1, Chinju99, KPED-9, SM98-1, parent DR13, and attenuated DR13.
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PMID:Sequence analysis of the partial spike glycoprotein gene of porcine epidemic diarrhea viruses isolated in Korea. 1743 70

Transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), is an enteropathogenic coronavirus that causes a highly fatal acute diarrhea in newborn pigs. It's typically clinical manifestations consist of omitting, severe diarrhea, loss water and highly infectious disease. All kinds and ages of pigs can be infected. Particular, the mortality piglets under 3 weeks may reach 100% . The effective protection against TGEV requires the development of vaccines that are able to induce local mucosal immunization. Lactococcus lactis was selected as a bacterial carrier for the expression of TGEV spike glycoprotein. The gene of S glycoprotein was cloned into the Lactococcus lactis vectors pNZ8112. An approximately 2000 bps fragments of TGEV gene S that encompasses all the four major antigenic domains critical for neutralization was transformed into Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 by electroporation, resulting in the recombinant strain pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000. The recombinant glycoprotein S was detected by SDS-PAGE and Western blot after induced by 1ng/mL nisin. The result indicated that the expressed product maintain the antigenicity of TGEV as expected. In order to detect the location of expressed protein, the yellow and green fluorescence of the recombinant strain pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000 was detected by the IFA experiments, which indicated that the expressed recombinant protein was secreted and located on the surface of the bacterium cell. Oral immunization of BALB/c mice with recombinant strain that constitutively express the 66kDa fragment of the glycoprotein S, Specific anti-TGEV glycoprotein S secret immunoglobulin A (sIgA) antibodies were detected by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the feces after immunization. It was showed that the mice immunized with pNZ8112-Sa/NZ9000 recombinant strain had produced clear antibody level anti TGEV, and which had provided important substance foundation and explored the feasibility of Lactobacillus as oral vaccine.
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PMID:[Construction of recombinant Lactococcus lactis expressing porcine transmissible gastroenteritis spike glycoprotein and analysis of immunogenicity]. 1755 46

Cryptosporidium is an intestinal parasite associated with severe acute diarrhea in humans and animals. To investigate subtypes of Cryptosporidium spp. isolated from humans and cattle in Iran, 47 Cryptosporidium parvum (22 from children and 25 from cattle) and three Cryptosporidium hominis from children were characterized by sequence analysis of the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene. Nine subtypes (two of C. hominis and seven of C. parvum) in four subtype families were identified. Cattle were mainly infected with C. parvum IIa subtypes and humans mostly with the C. parvum IIa and IId subtypes. Consequently, cattle could be a source of human infection with C. parvum IIa in Iran. However, the occurrence of subtype IId families in Iranian children, suggests that other infection sources might also be involved in C. parvum transmission. To our knowledge, this is the first published record and description of Cryptosporidium subtypes in Iran.
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PMID:Subtype analysis of Cryptosporidium parvum and Cryptosporidium hominis isolates from humans and cattle in Iran. 2137 69


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