Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diarrheal disease is bacterial in much of the Third World and viral elsewhere. In the poorest underdeveloped country, as many as 15% of children die from diarrheal disease before their third birthday. This association with geographical or climatic areas of the world, however, is actually a reflection of low socioeconomic levels and poor sanitation for practically all of diarrhea's infectious agents are in fact ubiquitous worldwide. Clinical problems associated with acute diarrhea, irrespective of etiology, relate to dehydration that results from abnormal loss of water and electrolytes in stools. Because an infant's total body weight is 70% water (as opposed to 60% in adults), diarrhea is a particular threat. During diarrheal disease, the major event is the disruption of the recycling of electrolyte-rich digestive fluids, which are nomally secreted into the gastrointestinal tract and then 99% reabsorbed. Treatments include preventive methods, such as public health improvements, and rehydration with glucose-water solutions, either orally or intravenously, depending on extent of dehydration. Vaccine development against rotavirus infection has been stymied by inability to cultivate the organism. However, immunoprophylaxis of bacterial diarrheas has made progress in developing vaccines against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The role of immunity transmitted by breastfeeding is also emphasized.
 ...
PMID:Acute diarrheal infections in infants. I. Epidemiology, Treatment, and prospects for immunoprophylaxis. 51 Nov 28

Thermophilic Campylobacter is reported as the agent associated with chronic and acute diarrhoea in Rio de Janeiro. Nine strains were isolated from 186 children with gastroenteritis. To our knowledge this is the first report of human Campylobacteriosis in Latin-America.
 ...
PMID:Thermophilic Campylobacter-associated diarrhoea in Rio de Janeiro. 51 72

Campylobacter spp. were the organisms isolated most frequently from 29 consecutive patients admitted with acute diarrhoea to an infectious disease unit. Rectal biopsies taken from 21 of the patients were abnormal in all but four, and in the patients with campylobacter infection there was a characteristic proctocolitis in each case. The histopathology was similar to that described for salmonella and shigella infections but clearly different from typical ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Therefore in patients with acute diarrhoea we suggest that selective culture for Campylobacter spp. should be made a routine and that rectal biopsy has an important diagnostic role, particularly in patients with negative cultures.
 ...
PMID:Acute diarrhoea: Campylobacter colitis and the role of rectal biopsy. 52 1

I report five cases of occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery from one general practice; four of these occurred in one year.THE COMMON CLINICAL FEATURES WERE: acute diarrhoea and vomiting in elderly persons (all over 70) with abdominal pain and distension and shock. All had a previous history of auricular fibrillation and cardiac failure and past episodes of clinical arterial occlusive disorders had been experienced by four. Each diagnosis was confirmed at operation and all five patients died. It is important for general practitioners to recognize this syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Acute superior mesenteric artery occlusion: problems of pre-operative diagnosis. 52 38

Circulating antibodies to cow's milk protein were investigated in 35 normally nourished infants aged 2 to 11 months. Nine were healthy (control group), and the remaining 26 were convalescents from acute diarrhoea. At the time of assay they were normally hidrated and being fed diluted cow's milk. The results showed elevated hemagglutinating antibody titers in the group of children with diarrhoea, statistically different to the control (p less than 0.001). The existence of an enhanced absorption of non degraded milk protein during the disease is assumed. This observation constitutes one more element in favour of the risk of exposing the digestive tract to antigenic loads in pathological situations as those considered.
 ...
PMID:Circulating antibodies to cow's milk proteins in children with acute diarrhoea. 58 3

In an open clinical study symptomatic treatment was given to 93 children aged 16 days to 24 months who suffered from acute diarrhea. All the patients received antidiarrheal diet suited to their age. If indicated, the children were rehydrated with electrolyte and buffer solutions. In order to reduce the intestinal motility as well as the loss of water and electrolyte in the stool, but not to stop the stools, difenoxin hydrochloride (Lyspafen) in the commercial composition was prescribed. The dose was 1 drop/kg body weight/day administered in 3 single doses. The preparation was administered to the children for 4-6 days on the average. Regardless of the bacteriological findings in the stools, very good results were obtained in 59 patients (63.44%); sufficient results in 19 children (20.43%); and poor results in 15 children (16.13%). In the group with negative stool samples very good results were obtained in 74% of the patients. The therapeutic results were very good to sufficient in the majority of cases belonging to the group with facultative pathogenic germs and pathogenic coli in the stools. In 66.67% (4 cases) of the children infected by Salmonellae and Shigellae the treatment was insufficient. No undesirable adverse reactions were seen in the children treated. Summing-up of the results revealed that cure of or improvement in the diarrhea was obtained in 83.87% of the test population.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of diarrhea with difenoxin hydrochloride in children (author's transl)]. 58 88

The objective of the present investigation is the study and interpretation of the role played by the immunoglobulins, especially IgA, during acute diarrhea in children. IgA, IGG and IgM values in serum and IgA in intestinal secretions were studied in a group of children (between 3 months and 5 years of age) during diarrhea, convalescence and in normals. The method of simple radial immunodiffusion according to Mancini was employed. IgA is the immunoglobulin which suffers the greastest alteration in acute diarrhea. The precipitation halos (the average values), were lower during the diarrhea than in convalescence and in normals.
 ...
PMID:Immunoglobulin in intestinal secretions. 61 59

Diarrhea causes considerable absenteeism and loss of working time among employees in the United States. One hundred employees with acute diarrhea at a Ford Motor Company plant were studied for four months to determine if loperamide hydrochloride treatment would control diarrheal symptoms, reduce absenteeism due to the condition, and be well-tolerated. Diarrhea was controlled with a median dosage of three capsules (6 mg total dose) and a range of two to 12 capsules. Ninety-six percent of the subjects were controlled after the first day, 98% by the third day. A statistically significant number were symptom free at their last clinical visits. Side effects were generally minor in nature. Substantially more than 1,000 man-hours of lost time were saved because of the treatment. Known drug dependents did not suffer from CNS effects or "highs". Loperamide acts directly on the intestinal wall to inhibit excessive peristalsis, thereby providing prompt, effective relief, with normal bowel patterns observed in these patients. The simple, individualized dosage is patient-oriented, rather than based on a fixed regimen. Because of its rapid onset of action, effective control of symptoms, low dosage, and being well-tolerated, loperamide meets the criteria for an effective antidiarrheal agent in industry.
 ...
PMID:The control of acute diarrhea in a large industrial plant. 64 10

Bacillus piliformis infection (Tyzzer's disease) occurred in two young guinea pigs, causing unthriftiness and diarrhea which resulted in death. There was necrosis and inflammation of the ileum, cecum, and colon. Intestinal epithelial cells contained organisms resembling Bacillus piliformis. Spirochetes were found in the cecum and colon, mainly in crypts. Acute diarrhea occurred in another guinea pig which became cachetic and was killed. Histologically, large numbers of spirochetes were present in the wall of both the cecum and colon, and they were associated with severe necrosis and inflammation. Bacillus pilformis was not found in this animal.
 ...
PMID:Naturally occurring Tyzzer's disease and intestinal spirochetosis in guinea pigs. 64 40

Non-cholera vibrios are organisms that are biochemically indistinguishable from Vibrio cholerae but do not agglutinate in vibrio 0 group 1 antiserum. Since 1972 there has been a dramatic increase in the number of these organisms referred to the Center for Disease Control for identification. Clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory data were analyzed for 26 of 28 patients with isolates identified between January 1972 and March 1975. Thirteen (50%) of the isolates were obtained from feces of patients who had an acute diarrheal illness; no other pathogens were isolated from their feces, and all patients survived. Four (15%) patients had non-cholera vibrios isolated from other gastrointestinal or biliary tract sites; none of these patients had acute illness definitely attributable to non-cholera vibrios. Nine (35%) patients had non-cholera vibrios isolated from other tissues and body fluids; four deaths occurred in this group. Patients with acute diarrhea frequently had a history of recent shellfish ingestion or foreign travel, whereas some patients with systemic non-cholera vibrio infection had a history of recent occupational or recreational exposure to salt water.
 ...
PMID:Non-cholera vibrio infections in the United States. Clinical, epidemiologic, and laboratory features. 64 41


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>