Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intestinal permeability was assessed with different-sized polyethylene glycols (PEG 400 and PEG 1,000) in small children with acute diarrhea. All children with acute diarrhea absorbed and excreted less PEG of all molecular sizes into the urine when compared with healthy control children (p less than 0.001). Children with acute rotavirus infection excreted significantly less PEG of all sizes than children with Shigella, Salmonella, and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) infection (p less than 0.001-0.01), suggesting a more severe mucosal lesion caused by rotavirus. In patients with severe malnutrition there was also a significant decrease in absorption of PEGs observed. In addition, malnourished patients with rotavirus diarrhea showed a pronounced decrease of PEGs in comparison with well-nourished patients. The ratio between the recovery of a large PEG molecule, 1,074 Da, and a small molecule, 370 Da, was utilized to assess the absorption of large molecules in relation to that of smaller ones. On applying this ratio, it was noted that the intestine in children with Shigella and EPEC infection was relatively more permeable to larger molecules than in healthy controls, while in rotavirus and Salmonella infection it was less permeable to larger molecules. In this study significant differences in the permeability characteristics were observed, suggesting etiology-specific effects on the mucosal barrier.
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PMID:Intestinal permeability assessed with polyethylene glycols in children with diarrhea due to rotavirus and common bacterial pathogens in a developing community. 269 81

The permeability properties of the small intestinal mucosa was investigated in nine previously healthy children with acute diarrhoea due to rotavirus. The investigation was performed after intake of a mixture in water of polyethyleneglycol molecules (PEG 400 and 1000) ranging from 282 to 1250 dalton in molecular weight. The 6-h urinary recovery of the PEGs was determined with high performance liquid chromatography and used to assess the permeability characteristics of the intestine. The patients served as their own controls and were investigated in the same manner after recovery 3-5 weeks later. A significantly lower urinary recovery of PEG was noted for all molecular sizes (326-1206 dalton) during acute diarrhoea in comparison with the results obtained after recovery (p less than 0.001-0.1). There was also a relatively lesser change in the urinary recovery of larger PEG molecules during infection, as reflected by a higher recovery ratio between 1074 and 370 dalton PEGs. The results indicate profound changes in the permeability characteristics of the intestine during acute rotavirus diarrhoea.
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PMID:Intestinal permeability in small children during and after rotavirus diarrhoea assessed with different-size polyethyleneglycols (PEG 400 and PEG 1000). 356 57

The passive intestinal permeability of patients with acute diarrhoea was investigated with a liquid meal of oral rehydration fluid containing differently sized, low-molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEG 400). The recovery of test molecules was measured in 6 h specimens of urine. The subjects suffered from acute infections caused by yersinia bacteria accompanied by joint pains. They were investigated during the infection and at least 3-4 weeks later when they had recovered clinically. It was found that yersinia infections were associated with increased urinary recovery of PEG molecules, and with reduced restriction towards the larger PEG molecules. After the infection, the resorption of PEGs returned towards normal. Thus, the altered restriction of the gut wall towards the passage of probe molecules might help to explain the extraintestinal manifestations often seen in connection with these agents.
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PMID:Acute yersinia infections in man increase intestinal permeability for low-molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEG 400). 377 68

The passive intestinal permeability of patients seeking care for acute diarrhoea was investigated with a liquid meal containing differently sized, low-molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEG 400; mol. wt. 282-590). The subjects suffered from acute infections caused either by Giardia lamblia or rotavirus. The patients were studied during infection and 3-4 weeks later when they had recovered clinically. It was found that both giardia and rotavirus infections were associated with decreased 6-h urinary recovery of the PEG molecules, particularly of the larger molecular weight species. After the infection, the permeability properties returned towards normal values. The results show that the permeability and the absorptive capacity is altered in patients with acute Giardia lamblia and rotavirus infections which could be important in relation to chronic infections and malnutrition attributed to these organisms.
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PMID:Acute infections with Giardia lamblia and rotavirus decrease intestinal permeability to low-molecular weight polyethylene glycols (PEG 400). 652 22

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) are the major anion in stool and are synthesized from nonabsorbed carbohydrate by the colonic microbiota. Nonabsorbed carbohydrate are not absorbed in the colon and induce an osmotically mediated diarrhea; in contrast, SCFA are absorbed by colonic epithelial cells and stimulate Na-dependent fluid absorption via a cyclic AMP-independent process involving apical membrane Na-H, SCFA-HCO(3), and Cl-SCFA exchanges. SCFA production represents an adaptive process to conserve calories, fluid, and electrolytes. Inhibition of SCFA synthesis by antibiotics and administration of PEG, a substance that is not metabolized by colonic microbiota, both result in diarrhea. In contrast, increased production of SCFA as a result of providing starch that is relatively resistant to amylase digestion [so-called resistant starch (RS)] to oral rehydration solution (RS-ORS) improves the efficacy of ORS and represents an important approach to improve the effectiveness of ORS in the treatment of acute diarrhea in children under five years of age.
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PMID:Role of colonic short-chain fatty acid transport in diarrhea. 2014 77