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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A three-month survey was undertaken to determine the incidence of Campylobacter jejuni and Yersinia enterocolitica in diarrhoeal disease and acute abdominal disease in Palmerston North. C. jejuni was isolated from five domiciliary patients and one hospitalised patient with acute diarrhoea but there were no isolations from patients suffering from acute abdominal disease. The isolation rates for C. jejuni in domiciliary and hospitalised patients with acute diarrhoea were 7.8 percent and 1.7 percent respectively. Y. enterocolitica was not isolated.
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PMID:Campylobacter enteritis and Yersinia enterocolitica infection in New Zealand. 29 70

Swedish children and adults (648 patients) with acute diarrhoea were investigated for enterotoxigenic strains in stool cultures. A total number 74 strains were isolated from 28 patients and assayed in the rabbit intestinal loop test and the adrenal cell test. Only three of the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) isolates belonged to classical enteropathogenic serotypes of E. coli (EPEC). Two enterotoxigenic strains of Proteus morganii, two of Enterobacter hafniae and one of Citrobacter freundii were isolated. None of 67 EPEC strains were found to produce a heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) in either of the two test systems. A number of Yersinia enterocolitica and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from stool cultures often produced toxic effects in the cell test but no enterotoxin activity was detected for any of the strains investigated either in the adrenal cell test for heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) or the suckling mouse test for heat-stable enterotoxin (ST). All EPEC isolates were also tested for ST and for invasive properties in the Sereny test; each isolate was negative in both test systems. It is concluded that production of LT and ST enterotoxin were common in stool isolates from Ethiopian children but a rare phenomenon among Swedish children with acute infantile diarrhoea. Isolation of aerobic stool bacteria with invasive properties seems to be uncommon both in Ethiopian and Swedish children. However, since both LT and ST as well as invasive properties seem to be very unstable genetic properties in many of these stool isolates improved sensitive methods for the last two properties will probably change this picture in the future.
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PMID:Relative importance of enterotoxigenic and invasive enteropathogenic bacteria in infantile diarrhoea. 73 53

The prevalence of bacterial and parasitic diarrhoeagenic agents in 200 patients suffering from acute diarrhoea and reporting to hospitals and health centres in northern Jordan, and in controls was determined. One or more bacterial or parasitic enteropathogens was isolated from 79 patients (39.5%). Prevalence rates for these pathogens was as follows: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli, 9%; enteropathogenic E. coli, 9%; Salmonella spp. 7%; Campylobacter spp, 5.5%; Yersinia enterocolitica, 4.5%; Shigella spp, 4%; Aeromonas spp, 3.5%; enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens, 2%; Vibrio spp, 2%; and Plesiomonas shigelloides, 0.5%. Both Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica were detected in 2% of the stool samples examined. Although the determination of the aetiologic role of the identified enteropathogens was complicated by more than one factor, the data collected will serve as a baseline for future studies of the subject.
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PMID:A study of the bacterial and parasitic causes of acute diarrhoea in northern Jordan. 180 May 60

A study was conducted of travelers' diarrhea in a United States military population on deployment in Cairo, Egypt, during July and August 1987. Acute diarrhea requiring medical attention developed in 183 (4%) of 4,500 troops. A possible etiologic agent was identified in 49% of all diarrhea cases. Enteric pathogens associated with cases of diarrhea included: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (17% ST-producers, 13% LT-producers, and 3% LT/ST-producers); Shigella (9%); Campylobacter spp. (2%); Salmonella (2%); and Vibrio cholerae non-01 serogroup (2%). Other enteric pathogens isolated from one episode each of diarrhea included Aeromonas hydrophila group, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and Bacillus cereus. Yersinia enterocolitica, enteroinvasive E. coli, intoxications by Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium difficile, and pathogenic enteric parasites were not found in any of the 183 patients with diarrhea. A survey of military personnel not requesting medical care indicated that up to 40% of troops may have had diarrhea during this deployment. Acute gastroenteritis is a potential cause of substantial morbidity in U.S. military personnel deployed to Egypt.
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PMID:Travelers' diarrhea among United States military personnel during joint American-Egyptian armed forces exercises in Cairo, Egypt. 190 Jan 13

Systematic research into all the bacterial etiological agents responsible for acute diarrhoea was undertaken on 276 diarrhoea stools collected from children aged 0-5 years. Particular attention was given to finding bacterial agents usually overlooked during routine checks: Campylobacter, Vibrionaceae and Yersinia enterocolitica.
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PMID:[Bacterial etiologies of acute infantile diarrhea in Dakar]. 249 76

Bacteria were investigated in stools of 156 children under two years of age admitted to the pediatric wards of a general hospital at the western metropolitan area of Santiago, Chile, because of acute diarrhea with only one stool sample. A known pathogenic agent was isolated from 115 cases (73.7%), this being a bacteria in 87/115 (75.6%). Most prevalent microorganisms were Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC). (65.5%), specially serogroups 0111, 0119 and 055, Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) (18.4%), Campylobacter yeyuni (13.8%), Salmonellae (9.2%) and Shigellae (6.9%). Invasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) and Aeromonas hydrophila were observed in only one case. Yersinia enterocolitica was not isolated. Age was under one year in 92% of patients and 83% were normally or slightly under nourished. Fecal leucocytes were abnormally increased (greater than 5 per high power field) in 41.4% of positive bacterial isolates, in 83% of children with Shigellae, in 50% of those with EPEC and Salmonellae and in 25% of the Campylobacter yeyuni group.
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PMID:[Bacterial isolation in infants hospitalized for acute diarrhea]. 252 Aug 38

Twenty-four patients were under observation. It is shown that reactive arthritides requiring surgical treatment are often of Yersinia etiology. A preceding episode of acute diarrhea can be revealed in the immediate anamnesis. Besides affection of the joints, the clinical picture is characterized by protracted high fever, general toxicosis syndrome, enlarged mesenteric lymph nodes, and, occasionally, enlargement of the liver and spleen. The diagnosis is confirmed by identification of specific antibodies in blood serum. Yersinia arthritides are unresponsive to the routine therapy. Administration of chloramphenicol and/or gentamicin with indomethacin produces a rapid positive effect.
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PMID:[Yersinia-induced reactive arthritis]. 262 73

Bacterial and viral causes of acute diarrhoea were studied prospectively for one year in 343 hospitalised young children in Kuwait. In 288 (84%) patients, one or more pathogens were identified compared with 12 of 86 (13.9%) children admitted with diseases other than diarrhoea (p less than 0.01). Forty-four (12.9%) of the patients were infected with two or more pathogens. Viral agents detected in the stools were rotaviruses (40.2%), enteric adenoviruses (1.7%), and enteroviruses (1.5%). Enterobacteria were isolated from the stools of 44% of the patients as follows: Salmonella (18.0%), enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) (17.5%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (6.7%), Shigella (5.0%), Campylobacter jejuni (2.3%), Vibrio cholerae non-01 (2.3%), Yersinia enterocolitica (1.5%), and Aeromonas hydrophila (0.9%). The incidence of diarrhoea in children showed two seasonal peaks: during March-May and October-November. The present study indicates that Salmonella and EPEC are the major causes of bacterial gastroenteritis, while rotaviruses are the main cause of viral gastroenteritis in young children in Kuwait.
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PMID:Bacterial and viral causes of acute diarrhoea in children in Kuwait. 263 40

Enteropathogenic bacteria were searched in feces of 80 children with acute diarrhea from the lower social economical level, all of them younger than twenty seven months old, and without any antimicrobial therapy, in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil, from June 1981 to August 1982. The following enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated from 46 children: Shigella in 12 children (15.00%), enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in 12 children (15.00%), classic enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in 9 children (11.25%), Salmonella in 6 children (7.50%). Association of enteropathogenic bacteria were found in 7 children (8.75%). Yersinia enterocolitica and invasive Escherichia coli were not isolated from any patient.
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PMID:[Research on enteropathogenic bacteria from children with acute diarrhea, in Belo Horizonte, MG]. 332 5

A prospective study of acute diarrhoea was performed during 15 months 1981/1982 and included 731 patients and 240 controls. 43% had been infected abroad. A cluster of travellers with bacterial pathogens was diagnosed in July-August. The following pathogens were found: Campylobacter (18%), enterotoxigenic E. coli (6%), Salmonella spp. (5%), rotavirus (4%), Yersinia enterocolitica (3%), Giardia lamblia (3%), Shigella spp. (2%), Clostridium difficile (2%), enteroviruses (2%) and Entamoeba histolytica (less than 1%). More than 90% of the bacterial or parasitic enteropathogens were detected in the first stool sample. Only 10% of the patients needed hospital treatment and for 97% oral fluids were sufficient. The median duration of diarrhoea was 9 days. No fatal cases occurred and only 2 cases of chronic bowel disease were detected.
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PMID:Acute diarrhoea in adults: aetiology, clinical appearance and therapeutic aspects. 340 70


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