Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Acute infections of childhood are associated with an increased of xerophthalmia, apparently due to depletion of vitamin A stores. The mechanism responsible for this is not known. Recently, it has been reported that severe infections in adult patients (ie, sepsis and pneumonia) result in excretion of large quantities of retinol in the urine. In 44 children hospitalized for treatment of acute diarrhea we found mean urinary excretions of 1.44 mumol retinol/24 h on day 1 of hospitalization, 0.62 mumol retinol/24 h on day 2, and 0.23 mumol/24 h on day 3. Healthy control subjects matched for age did not excrete measurable amounts of retinol in the urine. Retinol excretion was associated strongly with rotavirus diarrhea and presence of fever. Furthermore, serum retinol concentration was negatively associated with duration of diarrhea before hospitalization, suggesting that urinary excretion of retinol may be an important contributor to vitamin A depletion.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of retinol in children with acute diarrhea. 776 30

Clinical vitamin A deficiency as manifested by mild xerophthalmia predisposes to increased diarrhea and respiratory morbidity. The authors therefore used a double blind randomized placebo controlled field trial to assess the impact of vitamin A supplementation in an urban slum of New Delhi, India, on morbidity from acute respiratory tract infections and diarrhea during a three-month period. 900 children aged 12-60 months attending a local health facility for acute diarrhea of less than seven days duration were randomly allocated to receive either vitamin A 200,000 IU or a placebo. The study found the incidence and average number of days with acute lower respiratory tract infections to be similar in both the supplementation and placebo groups. The incidence of measles among those aged 23 months or less, however, was reduced significantly in the supplementation group. The incidence of diarrhea was also similar in the two groups, although there was a 36% reduction in the mean daily prevalence of diarrhea associated with fever in the vitamin A supplemented children older than 23 months. The lack of impact upon acute lower respiratory tract related mortality after vitamin A supplementation has been seen in other trials.
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PMID:Impact of massive dose of vitamin A given to preschool children with acute diarrhoea on subsequent respiratory and diarrhoeal morbidity. 788 7

Ninety-five children between 9 months and 3 years (mean age 14.4 months) with acute diarrhoea were enrolled by simple random sampling and studied for the presence of xerophthalmia and subclinical vitamin-A deficiency (detected by ocular impression cytology). The objective of the study was to estimate the prevalence of vitamin-A deficiency in these children and to evaluate its role as a risk factor for acute diarrhoea. The results were compared with 96 sex-and age-matched (mean age 15.79 months) controls belonging to similar nutritional grades and socioeconomic status who did not have diarrhoea and attended the hospital for treatment of minor ailments or for immunizations. Clinically evident xerophthalmia was observed in 12.6% of cases with acute diarrhoea and in 10.4% of controls. Ocular impression cytology suggested vitamin-A deficiency in 48.4% of cases and 40.6% of controls. However, on comparing the study group with the controls, there was no significant difference in vitamin-A deficiency in the 2 groups on clinical examination (p > 0.05) or by ocular impression cytology (p > 0.05). The prevalence rate of vitamin-A deficiency increased with the severity of malnutrition in cases (p < 0.05) as well as in controls (p < 0.05), but subclinical vitamin-A deficiency was detected even in well-nourished cases (35%) and controls (22.7%). Our results suggest a high prevalence of vitamin-A deficiency in young children from our study population with or without diarrhoea and even in well-nourished children. The association of vitamin-A deficiency was not significantly different in cases of acute diarrhoea than in the controls.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Vitamin A deficiency in children with acute diarrhoea. 796 42

The prevalences of nightblindness and xerophthalmia were assessed in 400 children, aged 6-59 months, with acute diarrhoea in a rural community in Bangladesh. The prevalences of nightblindness, conjunctival xerosis, and Bitot's spot were 7.8%, 9.5%, and 2.7% respectively. Fifty-two percent of the children who complained of nightblindness had ocular signs of vitamin A deficiency compared to 9% of those without nightblindness (p < 0.000). The nightblindness was significantly higher among the male children, aged 24-59 months, who were dysenteric and undernourished, did not consume vitamin A-containing foods daily, and were not breastfed. The coverage of periodic administration of vitamin A capsule was inversely related to the prevalence of nightblindness. This finding was determined by logistic regression analysis of data indicating that a combination of male sex, history of dysentery, absence of periodic administration of vitamin A treatment, and daily intake of vitamin A-containing foods gave the best-fitted model with an overall prediction of 92.5% of being nightblind. The findings of the study suggest that mothers should be educated to observe their diarrhoeal children about development of nightblindness and to seek treatment for it. The locally-relevant nutrition education should also be offered to them.
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PMID:Vitamin A deficiency in children with acute diarrhoea: a community-based study in Bangladesh. 1105 69