Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A retrospective study is presented of the clinical features and outcome of late onset haemorrhagic disease due to vitamin K deficiency in 11 babies who were admitted to the emergency or child neurology unit during a 4-year period (January 1994-December 1997). The disease occurred in infants between 30 and 119 days of age (mean: 56+/-24 days). None of them received vitamin K after birth and all were breastfed. The presenting complaints were seizures (91%), drowsiness (82%), poor sucking (64%), vomiting (46%), fever (46%), pallor (46%), acute diarrhoea (27%), irritability and high-pitched cry (18%). On examination, tense or bulging fontanelle (73%), anisocoria (36%), weak neonatal reflexes (18%), cyanoses (18%) were the most frequent findings. The localizations of the intracranial haemorrhage were as follows: intracerebral (91%), subarachnoid (46%), subdural (27%), and intraventricular (27%). No fatality was observed. However, after a follow-up period ranging from 6 to 48 months (mean: 21+/-13 months), only three (27%) infants remained neurologically normal. Seizure disorders (73%), severe psychomotor retardation (46%), cerebral palsy (46%) and microcephaly (46%) were observed in the remainder. Hydrocephalus developed in three (27%) babies but none of them required shunt replacement. The value is emphasized of vitamin K prophylaxis in the newborn to reduce the incidence of late onset intracranial haemorrhage and handicap in children.
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PMID:Vitamin K deficiency--late onset intracranial haemorrhage. 1072 92

The study was undertaken to determine the frequency of occurrence of vitamin K deficiency in infants with diarrhoeal illness. Infants were categorized into four groups as follows: A(acute diarrhoea), B(protracted diarrhoea) C(intractable diarrhoea) and D(healthy controls). Screening coagulation tests, PT and PTTK along with estimation of functional activity and total antigenic levels of prothrombin were performed. The ratio of functional to total prothrombin was calculated. PT was prolonged in 30% (24/75) of all infants with diarrhoea as compared to controls where the abnormality was observed in 11.1% infants (2/18). The ratio of functional to total prothrombin was significantly lower in infants with diarrhoea, the mean +/- SD values being 0.65 +/- 0.41 vs 1.1 +/- 0.26. This difference was statistically highly significant (p < 0.001). Low ratio was observed in 57.3% (43/75) infants with diarrhoea. Thus functional to total prothrombin ratio identified approximately twice as many diarrhoeal infants with vitamin K deficiency as compared to PT alone. There was no significant correlation with breast feeding as the only mode of diet, or the prior administration of antibiotics in infants with diarrhoea. The inherent malabsorptive state in diarrhoea may be a major contributory factor.
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PMID:Vitamin K deficiency in diarrhoea. 1133 19

The purposes of this study were to determine the frequency of vitamin K deficiency and to assess its effects on bleeding in patients with acute and intractable diarrhea. A total of 90 children with diarrhea and 30 healthy children (group C) were included in this study. Patients were divided into 2 groups, according to the duration of diarrhea. Complete blood count; prothrombin time (PT); activated prothrombin time (APTT); Factors II, VII, IX, and X; and protein C levels were studied in all patients. A total of 3 mg of vitamin K was administrated to patients with prolonged PT and/or APTT. Coagulation parameters were restudied 8 to 12 h after vitamin K was administered. Mean age, sex, weight, and breastfeeding percentage, as well as history of fever and vitamin K administration at birth, were similar in the 2 groups. The duration of antibiotic administration in group B (intractable diarrhea) was significantly longer than that in group A (acute diarrhea). Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding was observed in 3 (4.9%) infants in group A and 6 (20.7%) in group B (P<.05). The duration of diarrhea was significantly longer in infants with GI bleeding. Intracranial bleeding occurred in 1 infant with intractable diarrhea. Prolonged PT levels were noted in groups A and B. Significant improvement in PT and APTT and an increase in coagulation factors were observed after vitamin K had been administered. Investigators in this study conclude that coagulation parameters can be improved by the administration of vitamin K to children with deranged PT and APTT and diarrheal illness.
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PMID:Evaluation of vitamin K deficiency in children with acute and intractable diarrhea. 1691 29

The hospital records of 30 infants with a diagnosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) due to late onset of vitamin K deficiency, seen during a 5-year period (2001-2005) were retrospectively evaluated. Signs and symptoms of the patients were convulsions (80%), poor sucking (50%), irritability (40%), vomiting (47%), acute diarrhea (33%), and fever (40%). On physical examination there were bulging or full fontanel in 19 patients (63%), collapsed fontanel in one (3%), diminished or absent neonatal reflexes in 11 (37%), pallor in 14 (47%), and cyanosis in one (3%) patient. Gastrointestinal disorder, skin hemorrhagic findings, and epistaxis each were noted in two (7%) patients. All the infants had prolonged prothrombin time (PT) and seven had prolonged activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), both of which were corrected by the administration of vitamin K. All the infants had ICH, with the most common being intraparenchymal hemorrhage, followed by multiple type ICH (27%). Neurosurgical intervention was performed in five patients (17%). The overall case fatality rate was 33%. In conclusion, we would like to stress that ICH due to vitamin K deficiency in infants is still an important health problem in Turkey resulting in high mortality rate.
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PMID:Intracranial hemorrhage due to vitamin K deficiency in infants: a clinical study. 1991 53