Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This case-control study was conducted to assess the risk, among children aged 0-12 years, of developing meningitis tuberculosis (MT) associated with a lack of intradermal BCG vaccination. Cases (45) of MT admitted for treatment at the Fundacao Benjamin Guimaraes Hospital (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil), from 1975 to 1981, were matched for age at hospitalization, date of hospitalization and nutritional status, with two types of controls--patients with acute diarrhoea (AD) and patients with acute non-tuberculous bacterial pneumonias (BP)--admitted to the same hospital. Vaccination status was ascertained from the patients' medical records. Results showed a risk for MT, estimated by the odds ratio, between BCG non-vaccinated and BCG vaccinated patients, of 6.7 (95% Cl 2.3-19.0) comparing cases and AD controls, of 4.0 (95% Cl 1.5-11.0) comparing cases and BP controls and 5.7 (95% Cl 2.3-14.0) comparing cases with both controls. When adjustments were made for place of residence (Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte and other regions of Minas Gerais State), the risks decreased to 5.2 (95% Cl 1.9-14.0) and 2.9 (95% Cl 1.2-7.3) comparing cases with AD and BP controls, respectively.
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PMID:Risk assessment for acquiring meningitis tuberculosis among children not vaccinated with BCG: a case-control study. 338 37

To study the etiology of chronic childhood diarrhea among Nigerian children, 142 patients, aged 6 months to 5 years, with diarrhea for at least 1 month, were evaluated; the study took place during January-December 1983 at the Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital, Zaria, Northern Nigeria. Enteropathogenic agents were identified in stools of 90 (63%) patients. Giardia lamblia and Entamoeba histolytica were most commonly detected, representing 41% and 23%, respectively, of all parasitic pathogens. In children with negative stool microscopy, chronic diarrhea was associated with primary lactose intolerance (2 cases), abdominal tuberculosis (2 cases), hyponatremia, low serum albumin, anemia due to sickle cell disease, or Staphylococcus aureus infection. In contrast with chronic diarrhea etiologies reported among children in Europe and North America, infections were the major cause of chronic childhood diarrhea among these children. In general, it is accepted that intestinal infection usually produces acute diarrhea--and that, if the host fails to mount a competent immune response, if there is repeated exposure to infectious agents, or if severe infection damages a substantial proportion of absorptive cells, then severe, protracted diarrhea may result. The high case fatality rate of 9% in this series was associated with specific infectious complications of septicemia, bronchopneumonia, lobar pneumonia and measles. Severe malnutrition also worsened the prognosis in chronic diarrhea. The results indicate that early detection and treatment of amebiasis and giardiasis is a useful approach in the treatment of chronic diarrhea cases among children.
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PMID:Chronic diarrhoea in Nigerian children. 383 11

To investigate the role of Helicobacter pylori in childhood diarrhoea, specific IgG antibodies to H. pylori (determined by an ELISA) were sought in 119 infants aged 3-36 months in Peru. Thirty one of the infants had acute diarrhoea (defined as lasting < 72 h and not present in the previous 3 weeks), 67 had persistent diarrhoea (lasting > or = 14 days with no more than 1 intervening diarrhoea-free day) and the remaining 21 had not had diarrhoea in the previous 3 weeks. The children with diarrhoea had been admitted to hospital in Lima for diarrhoea treatment, and the diarrhoea-free children for investigation of possible tuberculosis. Aspirates of duodenal contents and duplicate stool samples were investigated for the presence of bacterial overgrowth and of pathogenic bacteria, viruses and parasites. Anthropometric measurements were also made. There were no statistically significant differences between the prevalence rates of IgG against H. pylori in the children with acute diarrhoea, persistent diarrhoea and without diarrhoea (32%, 43% and 29%, respectively). In addition, H. pylori infection (as evidenced by specific antibodies) had no apparent influence on the presence of small-bowel overgrowth (in 20% of seropositive children compared with 18% of seronegative children) or of pathogens in the stool (in 53% of seropositive children compared with 49% of seronegative children) or on the occurrence of malnutrition in the groups of children considered as a whole. We conclude that H. pylori infection is not associated with acute or persistent diarrhoeal disease, small-bowel overgrowth, stool pathogens or malnutrition in Peruvian children.
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PMID:Helicobacter pylori is not a determinant factor of persistent diarrhoea or malnutrition in Peruvian children. 1069 16

In 1989, USAID awarded the Philippines a 5-year, US $50 million Child Survival Program targeting improvement in immunization coverage of children, prenatal care coverage for pregnant women, and contraceptive prevalence. Upon successful completion of performance benchmarks at the end of each year, USAID released monies to fund child survival activities for the following year. This program accomplished a major program goal, which was decentralization of health planning. The Philippine Department of Health soon incorporated provincial health planning. The Philippine Department of Health soon incorporated provincial health planning in its determination of allocation of resources. Social marketing activities contributed greatly to success in achieving the goal of boosting the immunization coverage rate for the 6 antigens listed under the Expanded Program for Immunization (51%-85% of infants, 1986-1991). In fact, rural health officers in Tarlac Province in Central Luzon went from household to household to talk to mothers about the benefits of immunizing a 1-year-old child, thereby contributing greatly to their achieving a 95% full immunization coverage rate by December 1991. Social marketing techniques included modern marketing strategies and multimedia channels. They first proved successful in metro Manila which, at the beginning of the campaign, had the lowest immunization rate of all 14 regions. Every Wednesday was designated immunization day and was when rural health centers vaccinated the children. Social marketing also successfully publicized oral rehydration therapy (ORT), breast feeding, and tuberculosis control. Another contributing factor to program success in child survival activities was private sector involvement. For example, the Philippine Pediatric Society helped to promote ORT as the preferred treatment for acute diarrhea. Further, the commercial sector distributed packets of oral rehydration salts and even advertised its own ORT product. At the end of 2 years, the program had effectively spread to all 75 provinces.
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PMID:Philippine campaign boosts child immunizations. 1228 30

Travelers returning to their country of origin to visit friends and relatives (VFRs) have increased risk of travel-related health problems. We examined GeoSentinel data to compare travel characteristics and illnesses acquired by 3 groups of travelers to low-income countries: VFRs who had originally been immigrants (immigrant VFRs), VFRs who had not originally been immigrants (traveler VFRs), and tourist travelers. Immigrant VFRs were predominantly male, had a higher mean age, and disproportionately required treatment as inpatients. Only 16% of immigrant VFRs sought pretravel medical advice. Proportionately more immigrant VFRs visited sub-Saharan Africa and traveled for >30 days, whereas tourist travelers more often traveled to Asia. Systemic febrile illnesses (including malaria), nondiarrheal intestinal parasitic infections, respiratory syndromes, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases were more commonly diagnosed among immigrant VFRs, whereas acute diarrhea was comparatively less frequent. Immigrant VFRs and traveler VFRs had different demographic characteristics and types of travel-related illnesses. A greater proportion of immigrant VFRs presented with serious, potentially preventable travel-related illnesses than did tourist travelers.
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PMID:Illness in travelers visiting friends and relatives: a review of the GeoSentinel Surveillance Network. 1727 75

Acquired vesico-rectal fistula is an uncommon complication of pelvic malignant tumors, surgical injury, inflammatory disorders such as tuberculosis infection, radiotherapy and less commonly diverticulum of the urinary tract. The fistula is often identified by urinary tract abnormalities such as dysuria, recurrent urinary tract infection, pneumaturia, and fecaluria. Here, we report an unusual case of a patient with a vesico-rectal fistula of tuberculous origin, presenting with severe acute diarrhea, metabolic acidosis, hyperchloremia and hypokalemia while with only mild urinary tract symptoms. The patient was cured by tuberculostatic therapy.
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PMID:Acute diarrhea and metabolic acidosis caused by tuberculous vesico-rectal fistula. 2538 96