Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Stool samples of 1488 children suffering from acute diarrhoea were studied for bacterial culture and sensitivity. Shigella culture was positive in 143 (10 per cent) children and 53 hospitalized children could be studied in detail. Thirty-six (68 per cent) children were under 2 years of age and peak prevalence was observed in summer months. Fever and diarrhoea were universal features; 96 per cent had blood and mucus in the stools, but 32 per cent started with watery diarrhoea lasting 1-3 days followed by dysentery. Two cases (4 per cent) had watery diarrhoea. Abdominal pain dehydration, and malnutrition were present in more than two-thirds of the cases. Central nervous systemic (CNS) manifestations, renal failure, respiratory manifestations, and subacute intestinal obstruction were seen in 45, 25, 17, and 5 per cent of cases, respectively. Shigella dysenteriae was the commonest organism grown in 57 per cent, followed by Shigella flexneri in 36 per cent, Shigella boydii in 4 per cent, and Shigella sonnei in 4 per cent cases. In the majority, the organisms were sensitive to neomycin (83 per cent), furazolidine (86 per cent), and cephaloridine (87 per cent), whereas Shigella strains were resistant to tetracycline in 93 per cent, ampicillin in 83 per cent, chloramphenicol in 91 per cent and cotrimoxazole in 66 per cent cases. Proctosigmoidoscopy was useful in defining the nature of mucosal lesion, to collect swabs for culture and biopsy specimen for histopathology. Four (8 per cent) cases had pseudomembrane and in two cases Clostridium difficile could be identified. Eight (15 per cent) cases died and two of them had shigellaemia.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Shigellosis in children from north India: a clinicopathological study. 853 Dec 65

We report a case of severe acute diarrhoea produced by Aeromonas sobria, a specimen with controversial human pathogenicity. A 26-year-old man with Crohn's disease previously colectomized was admitted with a cholera-like clinical presentation and renal failure. Aeromonas sp. can be isolated in both children and adults and in healthy people, A. hydrophila being most often detected. Severe infections due to other Aeromonas sp., usually A. sobria and A. caviae, have been rarely described. Most patients have underlying illnesses such as chronic liver disease or neoplasms. In our patient colectomy played a key role.
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PMID:[Severe acute gastroenteritis due to Aeromonas in a patient colectomized for Crohn's disease]. 909 Sep 82

We report 3 cases of Clostridium difficile-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) with biopsy proven renal thrombotic microangiopathy. Two patients with acute renal failure were kidney transplants recipients whereas the third patient developed renal failure in the native kidneys. The presentation was preceded by acute diarrhea and stool. Clostridium difficile toxin was detected in all the 3 patients. Stool studies were negative for Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae and other enteric pathogens. The diagnosis of Clostridium difficile-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome was suspected due to presence of thrombocytopenia, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and biopsy proven renal thrombotic microangiopathy without another clinically apparent cause. This case series suggest that Clostridium difficile infection may cause renal failure due to thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of diarrhea-associated HUS.
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PMID:Hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with Clostridium difficile infection. 2332 Sep 69

Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) is a febrile disorder caused in Korea by the Hantaan and Seoul viruses. Its characteristic clinical manifestations include fever, hemorrhage, and renal failure, but a primary presentation with acute infectious diarrhea is rare. Owing to decreased urine output and renal function, a 54-year-old patient was transferred to our hospital from a local clinic, where he had been receiving treatment for diarrhea occurring more than 10 times a day. The patient was treated in the Gastroenterology Department at our hospital for acute renal failure secondary to inflammatory diarrhea based on the findings of stool leukocytes. An immunofluorescent antibody assay showed a 4-fold increase in the acute-phase antibody titer to Hantavirus during recovery. A nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-nPCR) assay of plasma yielded negative results, but Hantaan virus positivity was confirmed on an RT-nPCR assay of the buffy coat. Another 60-year-old patient with watery diarrhea was treated conservatively for suspected infectious diarrhea. However, an immunofluorescent antibody assay showed a 4-fold increase in the acute-phase HFRS antibody titer. RT-nPCR using plasma yielded negative results, but Seoul virus was detected on an RT-nPCR buffy coat assay, confirming the diagnosis of HFRS. Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome can present with gastrointestinal symptoms such as acute diarrhea alone. This report highlights the importance of considering HFRS in the differential diagnosis of patients with acute diarrhea and the need for additional research on the usefulness of the buffy coat in the PCR diagnosis of HFRS.
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PMID:Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome as a Cause of Acute Diarrhea. 3091 55