Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Diarrhoea is defined as the frequent passage of loose or watery stools. Most patients can easily recognise and accurately define acute diarrhoea as an abrupt change in their bowel habits. Chronic or recurrent diarrhoea is more difficult for the patient to define, since it may mean malabsorption, tenesmus or true diarrhoea. Serious disorders not to be missed include neoplasia, AIDS, various serious infections such as amoebiasis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
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PMID:Diarrhoea. 152 Jan 38

17 patients with advanced low-risk breast carcinoma not previously pretreated by cytostatic agents were treated by Vinorelbine (VIN), 5'-Nor-anhydro-vinblastine, a new semisynthetic compound of the vinca alkaloid series. A dose of 130 mg per week was administered in a hard gelatine formulation for at least eight weeks. Out of 15 evaluable patients, no complete or partial remission was observed. However, there were 9 patients (60%) achieving no change and tumor stabilization, respectively, lasting for a median of 3.0 months. Main toxicities were leukopenia (17.7%, WHO grade 3-4), nausea and vomiting (17.7%, WHO grade 3-4), and acute diarrhea (70.6%, WHO grade 1-4). Thus, further trials with the oral medication used for this study are not recommended.
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PMID:Phase II study of vinorelbine by oral route (in a hard gelatine capsule) for metastatic breast cancer patients. A trial of the phase I/II study group of the Association for Medical Oncology of the German Cancer Society. 164 10

A 40 year old woman suffered from acute diarrhea and convulsive abdominal pains. Because of a palpable tumor of the right lower abdomen, which was thought to be localized in the deeper layers of the colon ascendens, a hemicolectomy on the right side was performed. Histologically there was a severe phlegmonous eosinophilic inflammation of the bowel wall and the surrounding fatty tissue. A parasite was found within the strongly oedematous submucosal layer. The different forms of eosinophilic inflammatory processes are referred to, with special emphasis on Anisakiasis. The so called "herring-worm-disease" proceeds under the same clinical and morphological features as the above mentioned disease and is caused by a larval nematode. This worm lives as an immature parasite in different saltwater fishes. Most often the stomach and the small intestine are involved; only in a few cases an eosinophilic phlegmon of the large bowel has been observed.
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PMID:[Contribution to the morphology and pathogenesis of eosinophilic colitis (author's transl)]. 730 81

The coronavirus strain HECV-4408 was isolated from diarrhea fluid of a 6-year-old child with acute diarrhea and propagated in human rectal tumor (HRT-18) cells. Electron microscopy revealed coronavirus particles in the diarrhea fluid sample and the infected HRT-18 cell cultures. This virus possessed hemagglutinating and acetylesterase activities and caused cytopathic effects in HRT-18 cells but not in MDBK, GBK and FE cells. One of four S-specific monoclonal antibodies reacted in Western blots with HECV-4408, BCV-L9 and BCV-LY138 but not with HCV-OC43, and two reacted with BCV-L9 but not with HECV-4408, BCV-LY138 and HCV-OC43. One S-specific and two N-specific monoclonal antibodies reacted with all of these strains. cDNA encompassing the 3' 8.5 kb of the viral RNA genome was isolated by reverse transcription followed by polymerase chain reaction amplification had size and restriction endonuclease patterns similar to those of BCV-L9 and BCV-LY138. In contrast, the M gene of HCV-OC43 differed in restriction patterns from HECV-4408 and BCV. A genomic deletion located between the S and M within the non-structural genes of HCV-OC43 was not detected in HECV-4408. DNA sequence analyses of the S and HE genes revealed more than 99% nucleotide and deduced amino acid homologies between HECV-4408 and the virulent wild-type BCV. Forty-nine nucleotide and 22 amino acid differences were found between the HE genes of HECV-4408 and HCV-OC43, while only 16 nucleotide and 3 amino acid differences occurred between the HE genes of HECV-4408 and BCV-LY138. We thus conclude that the strain HECV-4408 is a hemagglutinating enteric coronavirus that is biologically, antigenically and genomically more closely related to the virulent BCV-LY138 than to HCV-OC43.
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PMID:Biological and genetic characterization of a hemagglutinating coronavirus isolated from a diarrhoeic child. 785 55

Selective immunoglobulin A deficiency (IgAD) is a primary immunodeficiency disease characterized by low levels (< 7 mg/dl) of serum immunoglobulin (Ig) A and normal serum levels of IgG and IgM. Patients with IgAD have increased risk for recurrent respiratory and gastrointestinal infections, autoimmune disease, asthma and allergy. A 26-year-old woman was admitted with sudden onset of painful cutaneous lesions on her lower extremities, pyrexia and arthromyalgia. Her medical history was remarkable for recurrent respiratory tract infections, self-limited episodes of acute diarrhea, atopy, splenomegaly and a 4-year history of a lung granulomatous lesion. Laboratory and imaging tests ruled out severe life-threatening infection, connective tissue disease and neoplasm. Serum protein electrophoresis showed a low IgA serum level (6.67 mg/dl), with normal serum levels of IgG and IgM, conducting to a diagnosis of selective IgAD. A skin biopsy showed necrotizing vasculitis without any sign of internal organ disease. We report a patient with IgAD and granulomatous involvement of lungs, spleen and medium-sized arteries of the skin. Although IgAD results from a failure of B-cell differentiation, we propose that deregulated immune response with production of cross-reactive antibodies and hyperstimulation of T cells and macrophages could contribute to this widespread granulomatous reaction.
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PMID:Necrotizing vasculitis with a polyarteritis nodosa-like pattern and selective immunoglobulin A deficiency: case report and review of the literature. 1849 27