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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We surveyed 53 randomly chosen Maryland nursing homes for infection control policies and practices. The majority had written infection control policies, an infection control committee, and a designated practitioner for infection control; in most facilities, however, the infection control practitioner had other major duties, spent little time on infection control, and had no specific training in the field. Thirty-four percent of homes in the survey performed routine environmental cultures, and more than half had insufficient or no isolation policies for infected decubiti and acute diarrhea. In general, the intensity of infection surveillance and the extent of infection control measures increased with the level of care provided, from domiciliary homes to homes providing chronic care. Employee health care fared generally well: 60% of homes offered influenza vaccine to employees and 66% had restriction policies for employees with upper respiratory infections. While the majority of homes offered the influenza vaccine to residents, acceptance of other vaccines recommended for the elderly was less widespread. We conclude that infection control efforts are made in most Maryland nursing homes; however, appropriate guidelines and more effort to educate nursing home personnel in proper infection control practices are badly needed.
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PMID:Infection control in Maryland nursing homes. 312 92

The prevalence of infections with H1N1- and H3N2-influenza viruses, porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV), transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus (PEDV) in feeder pigs shortly after their entry into fattening units was examined. Ten groups of pigs with acute respiratory disease during the months September to October 1991 and seven groups of pigs with acute diarrhoea during the months February to March 1992 were investigated. On arrival in the fattening herds, more of the pigs were negative for antibodies against H1N1-influenza virus and against PRCV during September to October (61 and 50 per cent, respectively) than in February to March (51 and 34 per cent, respectively). There was serological evidence of a triple infection with PRCV and both influenza viruses in seven of the 17 groups; dual infections with PRCV and H1N1-influenza virus occurred in nine groups and with H1N1- and H3N2-influenza viruses in one group. Seroconversion against TGEV was not detected in any of the 17 groups, but seven of them had seroconverted to PEDV. Multiple infections with PRCV and either one or both of the influenza viruses were thus very common shortly after the introduction of feeder pigs into the fattening herds. There was no association between the type and/or multiplicity of these infections and respiratory disease, but infections with PEDV were clearly associated with outbreaks of diarrhoea.
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PMID:Prevalence of infections with enzootic respiratory and enteric viruses in feeder pigs entering fattening herds. 790 Feb 43

The French sentinel network is composed of general practitioners who record on an ongoing basis cases of seven infectious diseases (i.e. influenza-like illness, acute diarrhoea, chickenpox, mumps, measles, male urethritis, and acute hepatitis of probable
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PMID:Six years surveillance of hepatitis A and B in general practice in France. 1263 8

Inserm has developed, since 1984, an information system based on a computer network of physicians in France. It allows for constitution of large databases on diseases, with individual description of cases, and to explore some aspects of the mathematical theory of communicable diseases. We developed user-friendly interfaces for remote data entry and GIS tools providing real-time atlas of the epidemiologic situation in any location. The continuous and ongoing surveillance network is constituted of about 1200 sentinel voluntary and unpaid investigators. We studied their motivation, reasons for either withdrawal or compliance using survival analyses. We implemented early warning systems for outbreak detection and for time-space forecasting. We conducted epidemiological surveys for investigating outbreaks. Large available time and space series allowed us to calibrate and explore synchronism of influenza epidemics, to test the assumption of panmixing in susceptibles-infectious-removed type models and to study the role of closing school in influenza morbidity and mortality in elderly. More than 250 000 cases of influenza, 150 000 cases of acute diarrheas, 35,000 patients for whom HIV tests have been prescribed by general practitioners and 25,000 cases of chickenpox have been collected. Detection of regional influenza or acute diarrhea outbreaks and forecasting of epidemic trends three weeks ahead are currently broadcasted to the French media and published on Sentiweb on a weekly basis. Age-cohort-period models assessed field effectiveness of mass immunization strategies against measles and influenza in the country. Case-control studies with more than 1200 sets of cases of acute diarrheas and their matched controls showed the role of calicivirus and rotavirus as probable major causes of gastroenteritis during recurrent widespread outbreaks in winter in France. An age-specific model for chickenpox showed the probable role of children in disease transmission to their susceptible parents or grandparents. High level of synchronism between influenza epidemics has been demonstrated, either at a regional level (in France) or between France and the USA. The designation of our lab as a WHO collaborating center for electronic disease surveillance stimulates the development of global monitoring of diseases. We developed operational systems that are now available for the global monitoring of influenza (FluNet), and human and animal rabies (RABNET). Extension of electronic syndromic surveillance is needed in the world for improving surveillance capacities and real-time response against emerging diseases.
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PMID:Virtual surveillance of communicable diseases: a 20-year experience in France. 1708 46

Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine has established the Tohoku-RITM Collaborative Research Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases at Research Institute for Tropical Medicine (RITM) in the Philippines in 2008. Our aim of the center is to conduct operational researches, which can contribute to control of infectious diseases in the Philippines. Therefore most of our researches in the Philippines are being conducted in the fields. Main research themes include severe acute respiratory infections in children, influenza disease burden study, molecular epidemiology of rabies, and viral etiology of acute diarrhea. The study on severe acute respiratory infections in children in Leyte Island has recruited hospitalized cases with severe pneumonia. We showed that enterovirus 68 was one of important causative agents in severe pneumonia cases. We also conducted other analyses including molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and pathogenesis of human rhinoviruses (HRV). Based on these studies, we initiated more comprehensive researches in the Philippines since 2010.
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PMID:[Researches on virology at the Tohoku University Research Center in the Philippines]. 2476 77