Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cryptosporidium sp is a new enteric pathogenic organism which is responsible for self-limited acute diarrhea in infants. During a prospective study we diagnosed the first pediatric cases of cryptosporidiosis in Strasbourg. This leads us to recommend that cryptosporidiosis be looked for in the etiological diagnosis of infantile diarrhea.
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PMID:[Evaluation of a prospective survey on cryptosporidiosis in a population of children hospitalized in Strasbourg]. 133 94

Between June 1989 and January 1990 in Ethiopia, health workers collected 2 gm diarrhea samples from 100 patients, 2-48 months old, at the oral rehydration unit of the Gondar College Medical Sciences Hospital to test for the presence of Cryptosporidium species' oocysts. Laboratory personnel used Loeffler's alkaline methylene-blue solution to isolate oocysts in 9 children. 6 of these children were 12 months old. None of the children with Cryptosporidium oocysts exhibited signs of severe protein energy malnutrition, but 31 other children did exhibit these signs. The presence of oocysts in the 9 children did not necessarily indicate that Cryptosporidium species were the only causes of their acute diarrhea. The 9% isolation rate may be an underestimate, because Baxby and Blonde have demonstrated that safranin-methylene blue yields a better Cryptosporidium oocyst isolation rate than does Loeffler's alkaline methylene-blue. A well-designed study is needed to determine the true prevalence of cryptosporidiosis, to describe its clinical profile, and to define its association with other diarrhea-causing enteropathogens and its association with malnutrition.
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PMID:Frequency of isolation of Cryptosporidium oocysts in Ethiopian children with acute diarrhoeal disease. 150 16

Two epidemiological surveys of cryptosporidiosis in urban and suburban areas of Libreville, Gabon, Equatorial Africa, were conducted in children. On 450 fecal samples on the first study, Cryptosporidium sp. has been seen about 3.11%. For the second survey, on 296 children, aged between 0 and 2 years, with acute diarrhoea, the rate of infestation was 24%. The maxima was observed for infants aged between 6-18 months, in case of malnutrition and during wet seasons.
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PMID:[Role of cryptosporidiosis in infants in Gabon. Results of two prospective studies]. 181 15

Cryptosporidium was detected in 2 (1.5%) out of 132 children under 2 years with acute diarrhea; in 2 (3.2%) out of 63 patients under 2 years with persistent diarrhea; in 1 (3.9%) out of 26 malnourished patients younger than 2 years with an episode of acute diarrhea and in 7 (1.4%) out of 516 pediatric ambulatory patients who consulted for acute or chronic diarrhea or recurrent abdominal pain. The clinical histories of the 5 infants with cryptosporidiosis who belonged to the first 3 studies, are presented. All they had prolonged diarrhea (more than 15 days long), and one of them showed low IgG and IgA serum concentrations, but normal proportions of T lymphocyte populations.
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PMID:[Cryptosporidiosis: studies in children in communities of low socioeconomic level]. 208 94

The incidence of cryptosporidiosis in children with acute diarrhoea when compared with age-matched controls was 6.1% in a paediatric unit. Studies were made on eight immunocompetent children with cryptosporidiosis to determine the period of oocyst shedding after cessation of diarrhoea. The majority (75%) shed oocysts for less than ten days after cessation of diarrhoea. There was considerable variation among patients, some eliminating oocysts more quickly than others. This was not related to the severity or duration of diarrhoea. The sucrose floatation technique was found to be more sensitive than direct smear for detecting small numbers of oocysts present at the end of the shedding period. Studies on household contacts showed infection in 43%, which suggests a subclinical infection or a transient carrier state, and confirms the occurrence of person to person transmission.
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PMID:Cryptosporidiosis--oocyst shedding and infection in household contacts. 236 Dec 24

In a study involving 104 children hospitalized with diarrhoea, 9% were infected with oocyst Cryptosporidium spp. add 56% with such yeast-fungus as Candida (C. Candida 38%). The manifestations noted in cryptosporidiosis infected children are acute diarrhea, vomiting and hyperthermia. One subject out of five who were tested for antibody to HIV appeared to be antibody positive. The patients immunity from the disease was not checked. A mycological test must be systematically carried out in case of children diarrheal outbreak.
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PMID:[Cryptosporidium and candida in pediatric diarrhea in Abidjan]. 255 87

Cryptosporidia are important causative agents of acute diarrhea among children in tropical countries. The leading symptoms are watery diarrhea lasting from 2 to 8 weeks and vomiting accompanied by crampy abdominal pain. Dehydration occurs frequently. The prevalence of cryptosporidia infections is much higher in tropical regions (an average of up to 10%) than in moderate regions. Cryptosporidia infections are dependent both on the children's age (highest rates among children below 2 years of age) and the season. In most studies, the highest incidence was found during the rainy season. Children who were breast-fed showed lower rates of infection. The transmission is fecal- oral, especially from animals to humans, from person to person, but also by way of contaminated drinking water. For an exact description of the epidemiology of cryptosporidia infections in the tropical countries, especially of the transmission, the seasonal differences and the breast feeding patterns, further studies are needed.
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PMID:Epidemiology of cryptosporidiosis in children in tropical countries. 263 71

A hospital acquired case of human cryptosporidiosis is reported in a pediatric patient with prolonged diarrhea, whose previous investigation was negative for the agent. Cryptosporidium was isolated from feces in coincidence with admission, to the same hospital room, of an additional patient with acute diarrhea in whom infection by the same agent had been demonstrated. Infant to infant transmission in hospital wards is thus a possibility.
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PMID:[Intestinal cryptosporidiosis: a case of hospital infection]. 263 66

During a 12-month period, feces from 780 persons from the Townsville region were evaluated by the Kinyoun acid-fast strain, and 36 (4.6%) immunocompetent patients were found to have Cryptosporidium oocysts. Twenty-five index cases were identified; 13 (8.6%) cases from 151 patients were from Palm Island, an isolated Aboriginal community in the wet tropics and 12 (1.9%) cases from 629 patients were from the dry tropics of Townsville. All 11 secondary cases were associated with a person-to-person outbreak in the nursery of a Townsville day-care centre. Infection occurred mainly in two distinct age groups: the under five-year-old (27 cases), and the 25 to 35-year-old (six cases). A prodrome of dry cough, rhinorrhea and vomiting often preceded symptoms of fever, weight loss, abdominal pain, persistent cough and vomiting, and acute diarrhea with frequent, non-bloodstained, watery, mucous stools. Although 13 patients were hospitalised because of their illness, the infection was self-limiting and all 36 patients recovered with symptomatic treatment. Cryptosporidium was the third most commonly identified enteric pathogen after Rotavirus and Giardia. Infection did not appear to depend on seasonal variation and no animal or environmental sources of infection were identified. Cryptosporidiosis in immunocompetent persons is endemic and common in North Queensland and routine investigations for this parasite in symptomatic patients are warranted.
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PMID:Human cryptosporidiosis in North Queensland. 326 49

1160 stool specimens, from 160 severely immunocompromised patients, from 70 adults and 180 children with acute diarrhoea and from 60 controls without diarrhoea and without evidence of immunocompromising underlying disorders, were examined for Cryptosporidium excretion. Only two children (1.1%) (one with previous contact to a straying cat and to lambs, the other without known risk) had documented intestinal cryptosporidiosis, whereas none of the symptomatic adults, immunocompromised patients or controls were found to be positive for Cryptosporidium fecal excretion. Other potential protozoal enteric pathogens among immunocompromised patients were only found in seven of 25 patients with HIV infection. We conclude that sporadic intestinal cryptosporidiosis in Southern Germany is a rare disease in humans even of younger age, but should be included in the differential diagnosis of diarrhoea in immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients.
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PMID:Low prevalence of intestinal cryptosporidiosis among immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients with and without diarrhoea in southern Germany. 343 75


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