Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0740441 (acute diarrhea)
 2,275 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Campylobacter spp. were the organisms isolated most frequently from 29 consecutive patients admitted with acute diarrhoea to an infectious disease unit. Rectal biopsies taken from 21 of the patients were abnormal in all but four, and in the patients with campylobacter infection there was a characteristic proctocolitis in each case. The histopathology was similar to that described for salmonella and shigella infections but clearly different from typical ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. Therefore in patients with acute diarrhoea we suggest that selective culture for Campylobacter spp. should be made a routine and that rectal biopsy has an important diagnostic role, particularly in patients with negative cultures.
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PMID:Acute diarrhoea: Campylobacter colitis and the role of rectal biopsy. 52 1

Planning the strategy in diagnosis of diarrhea some questions need to be answered: 1. Do the complaints in question fulfill the defined criteria of diarrhea? 2. Is it an acute diarrhea of infectious origin requiring fast microbiologic diagnosis? 3. Is it a chronic diarrhea? A) Do anamnestic findings and present status induce a certain suspected diagnosis, as in hyperthyreoidism, drugs, intestinal resections? B) Is a complete stepwise diagnostic planning needed as in Crohn's disease, insufficiency of the pancreas, non tropical sprue? Diagnostic measures have to be taken into consideration according to the answers given.
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PMID:[Diagnostic strategy in diarrhea]. 78 30

Although intestinal tuberculosis is rare in this country, increasing numbers of patients are now being seen, particularly in the immigrant population. We present the history of a lady who had acute diarrhoea and in whom the radiological and endoscopic findings looked very similar to those seen in Crohn's disease. The radiological presentation included widespread aphthous ulceration, a feature that has rarely been reported in tuberculous colitis.
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PMID:Case report: tuberculous colitis mimicking Crohn's disease. 139 2

In 109 patients with chronic diarrhea colonic biopsies were examined for the presence of specific microorganisms. A positive result was obtained in 48% of patients with ulcerative colitis, 50% with Crohn's disease, 21% with non-specific colitis and 36% with non-specific proctitis. Chlamydiae were found most frequently in all groups. Obligate enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated in only three cases of nonspecific colitis. Of the facultatively enteropathogenic organisms Klebsiella and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were isolated in 31% and 24%, respectively, of patients with ulcerative colitis, in 21% and 7% of patients with Crohn's disease, and in 10% and 6% of patients with non-specific colitis. Whereas chlamydial proctitis is a well-known disease, the results of this study point also to a possible pathogenic role of chlamydiae in the proximal colon. Facultatively enteropathogenic organisms causing acute diarrhea might have aetiologic relevance in some cases of chronic non-specific colitis.
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PMID:Frequency and spectrum of microorganisms isolated from biopsy specimens in chronic colitis. 177 36

Autoimmunity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis (UC). Several studies have shown amplified immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) antibody response in UC; however the immunoreactive antigen(s) is unknown. To study this antigen(s), mucosal colonic extract was prepared by sonication, ultracentrifugation followed by ion exchange chromatography in fast protein liquid chromatography. The fraction (enriched colonic peptide), that was most reactive to a novel monoclonal antibody, 7E12H12 (IgM isotype), was isolated and used to examine the immunoreactivity against the patients' serum samples. Two hundred and thirteen coded samples from 111 patients with UC (symptomatic and untreated (63), symptomatic and treated (26), remission (22)); 47 with Crohn's disease (CD) (40 were symptomatic and untreated, and 30 had colonic disease); 29 with acute diarrhoea caused by specific pathogen(s); 10 with systemic lupus erythematosus, and 16 normal subjects were examined against the enriched colonic peptide by IgG subtype specific enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Total IgG antibody reactivity was significantly (p < 0.01) higher only in symptomatic and untreated UC patients compared with each of the non-UC group, but the sensitivity was only 50%. IgG2 and IgG3 reactivities were not different among various groups. The IgG1 antibody reactivity against the enriched colonic peptide, however, differentiated UC patients from CD and each of the other non-UC groups. Seventy nine per cent of the patients with UC, treated or untreated, symptomatic or in remission, had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher IgG1 antibody against the enriched colonic peptide when compared with each of the other non-UC groups. Only 12% of CD serum samples and none of the other control serum samples reacted. Using purified serum IgG1 and 7E12H12-IgM, by 7E12H12 reactive peptide indeed reacts with UC-IgG1 antibody but not with control IgG1.
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PMID:Circulating immunoglobulin G1 antibody in patients with ulcerative colitis against the colonic epithelial protein detected by a novel monoclonal antibody. 782 7

"Pouchitis" is a well recognised complication of restorative proctocolectomy characterised by acute diarrhoea, sometimes with blood, often complicated by incontinence, malaise, arthritis, erythema nodosum and fever. The ileal mucosa is hyperaemic, there may be shallow ulcers and contact bleeding. Biopsies characteristically show villous atrophy, a poly-morphonuclear infiltrate and chronic inflammatory cells, but the histopathological features are often patchy and may be difficult to differentiate from ischaemic ileitis, colonic metaplasia or Crohn's disease. "Pouchitis" is probably due to an overgrowth of intestinal bacteria secondary to stasis but there is some evidence that there may be an ischaemic factor. Most patients respond rapidly to oral metronidazole.
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PMID:["Pouchitis"; histology]. 816 Nov 30

We report a case of severe acute diarrhoea produced by Aeromonas sobria, a specimen with controversial human pathogenicity. A 26-year-old man with Crohn's disease previously colectomized was admitted with a cholera-like clinical presentation and renal failure. Aeromonas sp. can be isolated in both children and adults and in healthy people, A. hydrophila being most often detected. Severe infections due to other Aeromonas sp., usually A. sobria and A. caviae, have been rarely described. Most patients have underlying illnesses such as chronic liver disease or neoplasms. In our patient colectomy played a key role.
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PMID:[Severe acute gastroenteritis due to Aeromonas in a patient colectomized for Crohn's disease]. 909 Sep 82

Probiotics are living microorganisms that can affect the host in a beneficial manner. Prebiotics are nondigestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth and activity of probiotic bacteria already established in the colon. Efficacy of probiotic compounds has been shown in a wide range of gastrointestinal diseases. Lactobacillus GG alone, or the combination of Bifidobacterium bifidum and Streptococcus thermophilus, is effective in the treatment of Clostridium difficile, as well as in preventing the frequency and severity of infectious acute diarrhea in children. Prevention of antibiotic-induced diarrhea with the concomitant administration of either Lactobacillus GG or Saccharomyces boulardii has been demonstrated. The most successful studies involve the use of Lactobacillus GG at a dose of 1 x 1010 viable organisms per day and the yeast boulardii at a dose of 1 g/day. A probiotic preparation (VSL#3 - 6 g/day) that uses a combination of three species of Bifidobacterium, four strains of Lactobacillus and one strain of Streptocccus has shown promise in maintaining remission in ulcerative colitis and pouchitis, as well as in preventing the postoperative recurrence of Crohn's disease. The mechanism of action of probiotics may include receptor competition, effects on mucin secretion or probiotic immunomodulation of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. Oral administration of probiotic compounds has been demonstrated to be well tolerated and safe. However, while probiotics have the potential to improve human health and to prevent and treat some diseases, major improvements are needed in labelling and quality assurance procedures for probiotic compounds. In addition, well planned and controlled clinical studies are necessary to delineate fully the potential for probiotic compounds.
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PMID:The use of probiotics in gastrointestinal disease. 1177 48

Probiotics are live microbial organisms that are administrated as supplements or in foods to benefit the host. It is the recommendation that they may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of acute diarrhea in adults and children, the prevention of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in adults and children, and the maintenance of remission and prevention of pouchitis. Although early results indicate that probiotics may also be useful in immunologic modulation to prevent atopy, treatment of radiation intestinal disease, vaginosis, ulcerative colitis, and the irritable bowel syndrome, the studies available are not sufficient to say they are definitely helpful. Even fewer data are available to recommend probiotics for the treatment of H pylori and Crohn disease and for the prevention of cardiovascular risk factors or other degenerative diseases. Clearly, larger and better-designed studies of probiotics are necessary, including comparative and dose-ranging trials.
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PMID:Recommendations for probiotic use. 1663 36

Probiotics are live nonpathogenic bacteria or bacterial components that may be helpful in the prevention and treatment of acute diarrhoea in adults and children and have some effects on the course of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Many experimental and clinical studies suggest that intestinal bacterial flora plays an important role in the pathogenesis of IBD, and manipulation of the luminal contents with antibiotics or probiotics represents a potentially effective therapeutic option. The beneficial effect of probiotics was demonstrated mainly in the prevention and treatment of pouchitis and in maintaining remission of mild to moderate ulcerative colitis. Probiotics seems to be less effective in patients with Crohn's disease. Randomized clinical trials are still required to further define the role of probiotics as preventive and therapeutic agents. This review summarizes the current data about probiotics in IBD.
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PMID:Clinical usefulness of probiotics in inflammatory bowel diseases. 1724 85


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