Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0730345 (microalbuminuria)
 4,018 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The value of polypeptide analyses in the diagnoses of diabetic nephropathy. Early diagnostic signs are rapidly gaining importance in the prevention and care of diabetic complications. The aim of this paper was to review the clinical significance of measurements of the serum and urine levels of beta-2-microglobulin, microalbuminuria and the plasma and urine levels of beta-thromboglobulin. We would like to emphasize their possible role in monitoring and prediction of the chronic sequelae of diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:[The value of polypeptide analysis (beta-2-microglobulin, microalbuminuria, beta-thromboglobulin) in the diagnosis of diabetic nephropathies]. 147 8

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a polypeptide mitogen first isolated from mouse submaxillary glands and later from human urine. We have examined the pattern of urinary excretion of human EGF (hEGF) in normal subjects and in diabetic patients with varying degrees of nephropathy. hEGF was measured by homologous radioimmunoassay and expressed in terms of urinary creatinine excretion. On the basis of their albumin excretion rate, the diabetic patients were divided into those with normoalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate 3.5 (1.4-9.8) micrograms/min; mean (range)), microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate 75 (30-128) micrograms/min) and macroalbuminuria (289 (169-879) micrograms/min). The albumin excretion rate for the normal subjects was 3.7 (1.6-9.7) micrograms/min. The mean (range) hEGF excretion (nmol hEGF/mmol creatinine) was 0.69 (0.47-1.29) for 19 healthy subjects, 0.60 (0.16-1.36) for the normoalbuminuric group (n = 18; NS), 0.47 (0.10-0.83) for the microalbuminuric patients (n = 19; P less than 0.001 vs controls and normoalbuminuric diabetics) and 0.38 (0.10-0.63) for the macroalbuminuric group (n = 18; P less than 0.001 vs controls and normoalbuminuric diabetics). There was an inverse correlation between albumin excretion rate and hEGF: creatinine ratio (r = -0.49; P = 0.02). These results show a progressive decline in hEGF excretion in diabetic patients with varying degrees of nephropathy and do not support the hypothesis that increased kidney size seen in early nephropathy is due to excessive amounts of EGF in the urine.
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PMID:Urinary excretion of human epidermal growth factor in the various stages of diabetic nephropathy. 260 93

Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized structurally by progressive mesangial deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). Transforming growth factor-ss (TGF-ss) is considered to be one of the major cytokines involved in the regulation of ECM synthesis and degradation. Several studies suggest that an increase in urinary TGF-ss levels may reflect an enhanced production of this polypeptide by the kidney cells. We evaluated TGF-ss in occasional urine samples from 14 normal individuals and 23 patients with type 2 diabetes (13 with persistent proteinuria >500 mg/24 h, DN, 6 with microalbuminuria, DMMA, and 4 with normal urinary albumin excretion, DMN) by enzyme immunoassay. An increase in the rate of urinary TGF-ss excretion (pg/mg U Creat.) was observed in patients with DN (296.07 +/- 330.77) (P<0.001) compared to normal individuals (17.04 +/- 18.56) (Kruskal-Wallis nonparametric analysis of variance); however, this increase was not observed in patients with DMMA (25.13 +/- 11.30) or in DMN (18.16 +/- 11.82). There was a positive correlation between the rate of urinary TGF-ss excretion and proteinuria (r = 0.70, alpha = 0.05) (Pearson's analysis), one of the parameters of disease progression.
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PMID:Transforming growth factor beta activity in urine of patients with type 2 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy. 1058 34

Diabetic nephropathy is the main cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Microalbuminuria has been established as a risk factor for the development and the progression of diabetic renal disease. A strong demand exists for better technologies to provide accurate diabetic nephropathy risk estimates before renal functional or structural disturbances already become established. Here, we present the application of a novel proteomics technology identifying urinary polypeptides and proteins. In this pilot study, we investigated 44 Type 1 diabetic patients with more than 5 years of diabetes duration compared with an age-matched control group. Random spot urine samples were examined utilizing high-resolution capillary electrophoresis (CE), coupled to mass spectrometry (MS). More than 1000 different polypeptides, characterized by their separation time and mass, were found between 800 Da and 66.5 kDa. Mathematical analysis revealed specific clusters of 54 polypeptides only found in Type 1 diabetic patients and an additional 88 polypeptides present or absent in patients with beginning nephropathy defined by the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR; >35 mg/mmol). We observed polypeptide patterns characteristic for healthy controls and diabetic patients and subdivision of patients according to the excretion of polypeptides typical for diabetic nephropathy. Our study revealed that the urinary proteome contains a much greater variety of polypeptides than previously recognized and demonstrated the successful application of a novel high-throughput technology towards the human urinary proteome. Future prospective studies with the application of this technique may enable the earlier and more accurate detection of individuals at high risk to develop diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Identification of urinary protein pattern in type 1 diabetic adolescents with early diabetic nephropathy by a novel combined proteome analysis. 1599 57

Adiponectin is a 30-kDa polypeptide secreted primarily by adipose tissue and plays a key role in kidney disease. In obesity, reduced adiponectin levels are associated with insulin resistance, cardiovascular disease and obesity related kidney disease. The latter includes microalbuminuria, glomerulomegaly, overt proteinuria and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis. Adiponectin levels in type 2 diabetics also negatively correlate with early features of nephropathy. However, in patients with established chronic kidney disease, adiponectin levels are elevated and positively predict progression of disease. The mechanism of action of adiponectin in the kidney appears to be related to AMPK activation and NADPH oxidase. Further studies are needed to elucidate this pathway and investigate the role of potential targets of adiponectin-AMPK-Nox pathway for CKD as obesity-related CKD is increasing worldwide.
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PMID:Adiponectin effects on the kidney. 2441 47

The diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension are among the most significant pathologies conditioning disorder of excretion of protein with urine. These very diseases are mostly dangerous for kidneys. Therefore, important significance has the search of early manifestations of damage of kidneys in patients with these diseases. The microalbuminuria is one of early manifestations of affection of kidneys in patients with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. Only this early (pre-clinical) stage of affection of kidneys is the only reversible one in case of prescription of medicinal therapy. Nowadays, factually all applied diagnostic test-systems for detection ofmicroalbuminuria are based on immunological half-quantitative and quantitative detection of concentration of human serum albumin in urine. In this study was applied new recombinant human serum poly-peptide A3 from strain of streptococcus group G isolated from cow milk. The human serum albumin-binding capacity of poly-peptide A3 was analyzed in comparison with poly-peptide A2. Previously, recombinant human serum albumin-binding poly-peptide A2 was primarily applied in test-system for detection of microalbuminuria instead of commonly used antibodies. The analysis of 'human serum albumin-binding capacity of recombinant human serum poly-peptide A3 and A2 demonstrated that both of them can interact with human serum albumin in solution and adsorbed condition. This characteristic permitted applying poly-peptide A3 in immobilized form in qualitative test-system for detecting microalbuminuria. The actual study also propose specific and sensitive technique of screening and monitoring of patients with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension. The mentioned technique used tagged human serum albumin-binding polypeptide A3 combined with microchip technology. The comparison of test-systems using recombinant poly-peptides A3 and A2 established that application of poly-peptide A3 in test-system permits to detect more precisely concentration of human serum albumin in urine samples. The test-system of this kind was successfully implemented for both detection and qualitative identification of microalbuminuria in patients with diabetes mellitus and arterial hypertension.
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PMID:[The test-system for detection of microalbuminuria using the new recombinant albumin-bounded poly-peptide]. 3060 40