Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0730345 (microalbuminuria)
 4,018 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors are known to reduce urinary albumin excretion (UAE) in diabetic patients. Animal studies have shown that, besides diminishing the glomerular capillary pressure, ACE inhibitors might reduce albuminuria by influencing glomerular charge selectivity through glomerular preservation of heparan sulphate proteoglycan. In humans, an indirect measurement of glomerular charge selectivity can be obtained by calculating the glomerular charge selectivity index (SI), a clearance ratio of IgG/IgG4, two identically sized but differently charged molecules. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of ACE inhibition on charge selectivity by comparing SI in type I (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria after 6 years of treatment either with or without captopril. Thirty-five of 45 patients participating in a prospective randomized study evaluating the effect of captopril in preventing the development of diabetic nephropathy were included in the present study, 17 being treated with captopril, 18 left as untreated controls. The selectivity index was calculated after measuring s-IgG, u-IgG, s-IgG4, and u-IgG4. The results demonstrated a higher selectivity index in the captopril-treated group [1.21 (0.51-1.94) median (range)] compared to the control group [0.94 (0.31-1.87)], however, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). A negative correlation between the selectivity index and UAE was demonstrated in the captopril-treated group (r = -0.77; p = 0.0004), whereas the correlation in the control group did not reach statistical significance (r = -0.3; p = 0.2).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Possible effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on glomerular charge selectivity. 754 79

Urinary excretion of heparan sulphate proteoglycan (HSPG), the main anionic component of the glomerular basement membrane (GBM), was estimated in 30 adolescents and young adults with insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM), 10 with microalbuminuria and 20 sex matched, diabetic controls of similar age without evidence of microalbuminuria. A further 10 non-diabetic control subjects were also examined. Both groups of patients with diabetes had significantly elevated excretion of HSPG when compared to normal individuals. There was no difference in HSPG excretion between diabetic subjects with and without microalbuminuria.
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PMID:Urinary heparan sulphate proteoglycan excretion is abnormal in insulin dependent diabetes. 857 88

In diabetic nephropathy, expression of glycosaminoglycan side chains of heparan sulphate proteoglycan in the glomerular basement membrane is reduced proportionally to the degree of proteinuria. We performed a cross-sectional study to evaluate whether non-vascular basement membranes also show a decrease in heparan sulphate side chain staining in patients with diabetic nephropathy. We evaluated the skin basement membrane for extracellular matrix components in the following groups: control subjects (n = 16); patients with Type 1 diabetes and normoalbuminuria (n = 17), microalbuminuria (n = 7), and macroalbuminuria (n = 16); patients with Type 1 diabetes and diabetic nephropathy undergoing renal replacement therapy (n = 13); and non-diabetic patients undergoing renal replacement therapy (n = 21). The following antibodies were used for this immunohistochemical study: monoclonal antibodies against the heparan sulphate side chain (JM403) and core protein (JM72) of the glomerular heparan sulphate proteoglycan; polyclonal antibodies against the core protein (B31); polyclonal antibodies against collagen types I, III, and IV, fibronectin, and laminin; and monoclonal antibodies against the noncollagenous domain of alpha1(collagen IV) and alpha3(collagen IV), against transforming growth factor beta(2G7), and against advanced glycosylation end products (4G9). Expression of heparan sulphate side chains was reduced in the skin basement membrane of patients with overt diabetic nephropathy, of those with Type 1 diabetes undergoing renal replacement therapy, and those with non-diabetic renal failure. Increased intensity of staining was found for collagen type I and advanced glycosylation end products in patients with diabetic nephropathy. Changes in the extracellular matrix of the skin basement membrane seem to be similar to those in the glomerular basement membrane. These findings support the suggestion that patients with diabetic nephropathy also have altered heparan sulphate and collagen staining in extrarenal basement membranes. However, patients with non-diabetic renal failure also had reduced expression of heparan sulphate in the skin basement membrane, suggesting that this finding is not specific for diabetic nephropathy.
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PMID:Extracellular matrix in human diabetic nephropathy: reduced expression of heparan sulphate in skin basement membrane. 968 20