Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0730345 (microalbuminuria)
 4,018 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the Micral test, a semiquantitative dipstick test, in a general practice setting, 317 Type 2 diabetic patients completed a screening for microalbuminuria by means of the Micral test as well as immuno-nephelometry with the Disc 120 immuno-nephelometer (Hyland, Nivelles, Belgium). Data were collected in 10 general practices performing the Nijmegen Monitoring Project. At a regular check-up each Type 2 diabetic patient was asked to collect first morning urine samples on three consecutive days. The sensitivity of the Micral test was 67%, the specificity 93%. Between the practices the sensitivity ranged from 58% to 81%, the specificity from 87% to 95%. Microalbuminuria, defined as a mean urine albumin concentration > or = 20 mg I-1 by nephelometry on three consecutive days, was found in 66 patients (21%). The first Micral test correctly picked out these patients with microalbuminuria in 70% of the cases and in 90% those patients without microalbuminuria. The diagnostic performance of the Micral test was further proved by a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) of the Micral test was 0.84 (95% CI 0.78-0.90). Micral test results of 0 and 10 should be regarded as negative.
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PMID:Screening for microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients: the evaluation of a dipstick test in general practice. 758

Abnormalities of the renin-angiotensin system have been reported in patients with diabetes mellitus and with diabetic complications. In this study, plasma concentrations of prorenin, renin, and aldosterone were measured in a stratified random sample of 110 insulin-dependent (Type 1) diabetic patients attending our outpatient clinic. Fifty-four age- and sex-matched control subjects were also examined. Plasma prorenin concentration was higher in patients without complications than in control subjects when upright (geometric mean (95% confidence intervals (CI): 75.9 (55.0-105.6) vs 45.1 (31.6-64.3) mU I-1, p < 0.05). There was no difference in plasma prorenin concentration between patients without and with microalbuminuria and between patients without and with background retinopathy. Plasma renin concentration, both when supine and upright, was similar in control subjects, in patients without complications, and in patients with varying degrees of diabetic microangiopathy. Plasma aldosterone was suppressed in patients without complications in comparison to control subjects (74 (58-95) vs 167 (140-199) ng I-1, p < 0.001) and was also suppressed in patients with microvascular disease. Plasma potassium was significantly higher in patients than in control subjects (mean +/- standard deviation: 4.10 +/- 0.36 vs 3.89 +/- 0.26 mmol I-1; p < 0.001) and plasma sodium was significantly lower (138 +/- 4 vs 140 +/- 2 mmol I-1; p < 0.001). We conclude that plasma prorenin is not a useful early marker for diabetic microvascular disease. Despite apparently normal plasma renin concentrations, plasma aldosterone is suppressed in insulin-dependent diabetic patients.
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PMID:Reduced plasma aldosterone concentrations in randomly selected patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 854 42

The frequency of urinary infection was determined using quantitative microbiology in 172 insulin-dependent diabetic patients repeatedly being tested for microalbuminuria over 18 months on at least six occasions. The point prevalence of urinary infection at first screening for microalbuminuria was 3%. Over the period of study, 20 of the patients (12%) showed evidence of urinary infection, defined as a pure growth of a recognized pathogen > 10(7)I-1. Infection was more common in women than men (20% vs 5%, p < 0.01) and was significantly associated with the presence of peripheral neuropathy (p < 0.05). Infection was not related to patient age, duration of diabetes, glycaemia, blood pressure, retinopathy or autonomic neuropathy. There were no significant within-patient differences in albumin excretion, glycaemic control or blood pressure in relation to the presence and absence of urinary infection. In only one patient (5%) did urinary infection significantly increase the urinary albumin excretion and this was associated with pyuria. We conclude that the presence of urinary infection does not apparently affect the measurement of urinary albumin excretion unless pyuria is present. Unless diabetic patients are symptomatic, examination of the urine for infection is probably unwarranted when testing for microalbuminuria.
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PMID:Urinary infection and albumin excretion in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: implications for the measurement of microalbuminuria. 879 54