Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0730345 (microalbuminuria)
 4,018 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The main objective of the CALM (Candesartan And Lisinopril Microalbuminuria) study is to assess the effect of a dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin system--using both an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACE-I) and an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker--in patients with type 2 diabetes, high blood pressure and microalbuminuria. The study included 200 patients randomized to receive candesartan 16 mg or lisinopril 20 mg for 12 weeks, followed by 12 weeks of the same monotherapy or a combination treatment. Main outcomes are the reduction of microalbuminuria and blood pressure. All three of the treatments are effective, but the dual blockade is respectively 18%, 8 mmHg and 5 mmHg more effective in reducing microalbuminuria, systolic and diastolic blood pressure. No comparison is made between this "new" association and the more frequently used biotherapy (i.e. ACE-I plus thiazidic diuretic) and therefore its usefulness in regular practice is still to be determined.
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PMID:[Clinical study of the month. The CALM study assessing the combination of an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and an angiotensin II receptor antagonist in the treatment of diabetic nephropathy]. 1129 48

Decreased left ventricular long-axis function may be the earliest stage in subclinical heart failure in Type II diabetes. To assess whether a decrease in SBP (systolic blood pressure) or a change in metabolic control would improve the long-axis function, 48 Type II diabetic patients participating in the CALM II (Candesartan and Lisinopril Microalbuminuria II) study were included in the present study. Patients were examined with tissue Doppler echocardiography at baseline and after 3 and 12 months of follow-up. Corresponding blood pressure, fructosamine and HbA(1c) (glycated haemoglobin) values were obtained. During the follow-up period, a decrease in SBP of 8 mmHg was seen (from 141+/-11 mmHg at baseline to 133+/-12 mmHg; P<0.001) and the peak systolic strain rate was significantly improved (from -1.10+/-0.25 at baseline to -1.25+/-0.22; P<0.01). There was a highly significant relationship between the changes in systolic strain rate, HbA(1c) (P<0.001) and fructosamine (P<0.05), and similarly to changes in left ventricular mass (P<0.05), whereas the correlation to the SBP reduction was not significant. Patients with improved glycaemic control, defined as a reduced HbA(1c) value after 12 months of follow-up, had a significantly improved strain rate (from -1.07+/-0.3 s(-1) at baseline to -1.32+/-0.25 s(-1); P<0.01) compared with patients with increases in HbA(1c) (from -1.14+/-0.25 s(-1) at baseline to -1.16+/-0.27 s(-1); P=not significant). The two groups had comparable baseline values of SBP, left ventricular mass, age and disease duration. In conclusion, changes in left ventricular systolic long-axis function are significantly correlated with changes in left ventricular mass, as well as metabolic control, in hypertensive patients with Type II diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Effects of blood pressure lowering and metabolic control on systolic left ventricular function in Type II diabetes mellitus. 1651 87

Treatment of hypertension with angiotensin II receptor antagonists (AIIA) was first limited to diabetics and patients with microalbuminuria. So far, results of several large clinical trials with AIIAs were published, confirming significant renoprotective effect of these agents compared to placebo (RENAAL and IRMA), amlodipin (MARVAL and IDNT) and a combination of ACEI and AIIA (CALM). In 2002, results of 2 large comparator studies in hypertension were published: LIFE - Losartan Intervention For Endpoints and SCOPE - the Study on COgnition and Prognosis in Elderly hypertensives. In 2003, a series of the CHARM studies involving patients with heart failure were published and, from than, AIIA have been used as an alternative to ACEI or in a combination with ACEI. MOSES study - Morbidity and mortality after stroke, eprosartan compared with nitrendipine for secondary prevention - results were published in 2005 and ONTARGET study, focusing on secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease, was published in 2008. The CORD study - Comparison of recommended doses - and the ACTIVE I study (AF Clopidogrel Trial with Irbesartan for prevention of Vascular Events) were published in 2009. Candesartan was used in the CALM, SCOPE, RESOLVED and CHARM studies, irbesartan in the IRMA, IDNT and ACTIVE I.
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PMID:[AII antagonists (candesartan and irbesartan) in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases]. 2312 Oct 62